FB-6378 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6378 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cypriniformes Cobitidae Cobitis Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758 Sandsmett Sagmahi-e-jooibari Koza Kozka kózka Serpentina Verdemã Merena e eger Piskal Plz obycajny Sekavec obecny Sekavec písecný Sekavec písečný Sykavec Sykavka Gwrachen bigog Almindelig pigsmerling Pigsmerling Dorngrundel Sandputttler Steinbeiß Steinbeisser Steinbeißer Steinpeitzger Steinpietzger Steinschmerl Spiny loach Spine loach Spined loach Weatherfish Harilik hink hink Rantaneula Rantanuoliainen Dorngrunder Loche de rivière Vágo csík Cobite fluviale Tairiku-shima-dojô タイリクシマドジョウ（ヤマトシマドジョウ） akmeņgrauzis kirtiklis Vardarska stipalka Schipovka obyknovennaya Shtschipovka Vijun Plž obycajný Nissöga Tasyiyen Colmilleja Câra Fâsa Kleine modderkruiper Nezica Nežica Râmbitar Svirluga Vinos Zmorla Zvârluga Zvârlugă Zvirluga سگ ماهي لوچ 花鰍 花鳅 Cobitinula anatoliae Hankó, 1925 Cobitis maroccana (non Pellegrin, 1929) Cobitis spilura Holandre, 1837 Cobitis taenia dalmatina (non Karaman, 1928) Cobitis taenia danubialis Nalbant, 1993 Cobitis taenia maroccana (non Pellegrin, 1929) Cobitis taenia narentana (non Karaman, 1928) Cobitis taenia ohridana (non Karaman, 1928) Cobitis taenia taenia Linnaeus, 1758 Cobitis taenia tanaitica Băcescu & Mayer, 1969 Cobitis taenioides Băcescu & Mayer, 1969 1992-08-31 2021-02-19 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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Østergaard 2000-07-03 2013-03-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6378 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size (NE) http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Cotae_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Cotae_u3.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-6378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1992-08-31 00:00:00 2021-02-19 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6378 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Adults occur in slow-flowing and still waters with fine sandy substrate (Ref. 9696). They occur in the Baltic Sea at salinities of up to 5 ppt (Ref. 59043). Filter sand for food particles (Ref. 36876). Nocturnal, stays hidden under rocks or buried in the sand or mud during the day (Ref. 30578). Oviparous, with distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Spawn in spring; scatters eggs into mats of plant material (Ref. 36876). Eggs are found attached to gravel and weed in shallow, flowing water (Ref. 41678). Larvae hide under vegetation and in debris until beginning of exogenous feeding (Ref. 59043). Vostradovsky, J. 1973 Freshwater fishes. The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London. 252 p. (Ref. 9696) FB-DiagnosticDescr-6378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-10-25 00:00:00 2010-06-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6378 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Caudal fin with 15-16 rays (Ref. 2196). Single small spot on upper caudal base. Pigmentation (Gambetta's longitudinal zone of pigmentation): zones Z1-Z4 usually well differentiated, extending backward to caudal peduncle; height of blotches of zone Z4 usually less than 2 times in their length; if more than 2 times, then height equal to or greater than horizontal eye diameter. One lamina circularis (Ref. 59043). Spillman, C.-J. 1961 Faune de France: Poissons d'eau douce. Fédération Française des Sociétés Naturelles,Tome 65. Paris. 303 p. (Ref. 2196) FB-Morphology-6378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-10-25 00:00:00 2010-06-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6378 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 6 - 8; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 5; Vertebrae: 40 - 42 Spillman, C.-J. 1961 Faune de France: Poissons d'eau douce. Fédération Française des Sociétés Naturelles,Tome 65. Paris. 303 p. (Ref. 2196) FB-Distribution-6378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1992-08-31 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6378 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Europe and Asia: Atlantic drainages from Loire northward; Baltic basin south of 61°N; upper olga and Ural drainages; northern Black Sea basin (except Danube). Ancient records from Ardour and Garonne drainages in France require confirmation (Ref. 59043). Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-Uses-6378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1992-08-31 00:00:00 2021-02-19 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6378 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: public aquariums Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström 1968 Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-Migration-6378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1992-08-31 00:00:00 2021-02-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6378 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-6378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-08-31 00:00:00 2021-02-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=6378&StockCode=6697 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Start of courtship is observed when both male and female swim excitedly then progresses to a chase done by the male. When movements become synchronised, the male entwines itself around the female's body, squeezing it and causing egg spawning (Ref. 58425).Triploid females can occur; they produce triploid eggs which can develop without fertilization, but need contact with sperm to start development (gynogenesis) (Ref. 36876). Also Ref. 9953. Lodi, E. and G. Malacarne 1990 Reproductive behavior of the spined loach <i>Cobitis taenia</i> L. Pisces: Cobitidae. Ann. Sci. Natur. Zool. Biol. Anim. 11(2):107-111. (Ref. 58425) FB-TrophicStrategy-6378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2003-02-03 00:00:00 2003-02-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public taenia http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Occurs in slow-flowing and still waters with fine sandy substrate (Ref. 9696). Filters sand for food particles (Ref. 36876). Nocturnal, stays hidden under rocks or buried in the sand or mud during the day (Ref. 30578). Nagata, Y. and Y. Nakata 1988 Distribution of six species of bitterlings in a creek in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 35(3):320-331. (Ref. 37350) FB-Size-6378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1992-08-31 00:00:00 2021-02-19 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6378 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 13.5 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 1441)); 9.5 cm SL (female); max. reported age: 5 years (Ref. 59043) Berg, L.S. 1964 Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 2, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1949). (Ref. 1441) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-6378-1457 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-02-09 00:00:00 2005-02-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6378&StockCode=6697 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Schulmanela Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) FB-Habitat-6378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1992-08-31 00:00:00 2021-02-19 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6378 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats benthopelagic; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; pH range: 7.0 - 7.7; dH range: 10 - 15 Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)