FB-6411 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6411 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Salmoniformes Salmonidae Salvelinus Salvelinus leucomaenis (Pallas, 1814) Golec dalekowschodni Japansk fjeldørred Japan-Saibling East siberian char Headspotted char Honshu char Japanese char Whitespotted char Kaugida paalia Amemasu Ezoiwana Ezo-iwana Gogi Iwana Kirikuchi Nikkō-iwana Yamato-iwana アメマス（エゾイワナ） イワナ イワナ（ゴギ） 홍송어 Kundzha Kundsharöding Japonska zlatovčica 头斑红点鲑 斑头红点鲑 斑頭紅點鮭 远东红点鲑(白斑红点鲑) 遠東紅點鮭(白斑紅點鮭) 雨紅點鮭 雨红点鲑 頭斑紅點鮭 Salmo leucomaenis Pallas, 1814 Salmo pluvius Hilgendorf, 1876 Salvelinus imbrius Jordan & McGregor, 1925 Salvelinus leucomaenis imbrius Jordan & McGregor, 1925 Salvelinus leucomaenis leucomaenis (Pallas, 1814) Salvelinus leucomaenis pluvius (Hilgendorf, 1876) Salvelinus leucomanius pluvius (Hilgendorf, 1876) Salvelinus pluvius (Hilgendorf, 1876) 1992-09-15 2024-01-25 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. 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Strand0 Chromosome formulae of North American fishes. Prog. Fish Cult. 42:10-23. (Ref. 6179) Grabda, E. and T. Heese0 Polskie nazewnictwo popularne kraglouste i ryby. Cyclostomata et Pisces. Wyzsza Szkola Inzynierska w Koszalinie. Koszalin, Poland. 171 p. (in Polish). (Ref. 6313) Crawford, R.0 World record game fishes 1993. The International Game Fish Association, Pompano Beach, Florida. (Ref. 6323) Holcík, J.0 Fish introductions in Europe with particular reference to its central and eastern part. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48 (Suppl. 1):13-23. (Ref. 6375) Ojima, Y., K. Maeki, S. Takayama and S. Nogusa0 A cytotaxonomic study on the <i>Salmonidae</i>. Nucleus 6:91-98. (Ref. 7509) Vasil'ev, V.P.0 Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish. J. Ichthyol. 20(3):1-38. (Ref. 8973) Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen0 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137) Okiyama, M.0 An atlas of the early stage fishes in Japan. 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(www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Whiteley, A.R., B.E. Penaluna, E.B. Taylor, S. Weiss, A. Abadia-Cardoso, D. Gomez-Uchida, I. Koizumi and P. Trotter0 Trout and char: Taxonomy, systematics, and phylogeography. In Kershner, J.L., J.E. Williams, R.E. Gresswell and J. Lobón-Cerviá. Trout and char of the World, pp. 95-140. (Ref. 130810) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Corush, J.B.0 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) FB-GeneralDescr-6411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-09-15 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6411 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat The land-locked form prefers low temperature streams, below 15°C. Young of the sea-run form enter the sea at 2 years of age and return to the rivers for spawning when they are 4 years or older. Found in summertime water temperature of 13-15° C (Ref. 12218). Carnivore, feeding on insects and plankton (Ref. 12218). Utilized fresh, smoked and frozen; can be broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Two forms: the land-locked form which reaches 35 cm, and the ocean form of 70 cm (Ref. 9137). Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) FB-Distribution-6411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-09-15 00:00:00 2025-04-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6411 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Northwest Pacific: Japan and northeastern Korean Peninsula through Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands to Kamchatka. Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) FB-Uses-6411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-09-15 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6411 fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: experimental; gamefish: yes Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Welcomme, R.L. 1988 International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 294. 318 p. (Ref. 1739) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-6411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-09-15 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6411 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Corush, J.B. 2019 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) FB-LifeCycle-6411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-09-15 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=6411&StockCode=6732 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-6411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1997-09-29 00:00:00 2005-01-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public leucomaenis http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat A carnivore that feeds on fish and crabs (Ref. 9137). Tokranov, A.M. and V.V. Maksimenkov 1995 Feeding habits of predatory fishes in the Bol'shaya River estuary (West Kamchatka). J. Ichthyol. 35(9):102-112. (Ref. 12531) FB-Size-6411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-09-15 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6411 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 120 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 56527)); max. published weight: 15.0 kg (Ref. 56527); max. reported age: 9 years (Ref. 56527) Fadeev, N.S. 2005 Guide to biology and fisheries of fishes of the North Pacific Ocean. Vladivostok, TINRO-Center. 366 p. (Ref. 56527) Fadeev, N.S. 2005 Guide to biology and fisheries of fishes of the North Pacific Ocean. Vladivostok, TINRO-Center. 366 p. (Ref. 56527) Fadeev, N.S. 2005 Guide to biology and fisheries of fishes of the North Pacific Ocean. Vladivostok, TINRO-Center. 366 p. (Ref. 56527) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-6411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-09-15 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6411 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size benthopelagic; anadromous (Ref. 138280); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 50 m (Ref. 50550) Corush, J.B. 2019 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) Fedorov, V.V., I.A. Chereshnev, M.V. Nazarkin, A.V. Shestakov and V.V. Volobuev 2003 Catalog of marine and freswater fishes of the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2003. 204 p. (Ref. 50550)