FB-6447 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6447 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Cephalopholis Cephalopholis hemistiktos (Rüppell, 1830) Saman-e-ajori Arus Hamoor Hamour Hummarah Ishnainuwa Mumen Shnenu Summan عجوز صفراء الأجنحة Gulfinnet påfuglebars Rotmeer-Zackenbarsch Halfspotted hind Yellowfin head Yellowfin hind Vieille d'Arabie Cherna arábiga 半斑九棘鱸 半斑九棘鲈 Cephalopholis miniatus (non Forsskål, 1775) Serranus hemistictus Rüppell, 1830 Serranus hemistiktos Rüppell, 1830 1992-10-08 2013-12-06 Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter0 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Thompson, R. and J.L. Munro0 Aspects of the biology and ecology of Caribbean reef fishes: Serranidae (hinds and groupers). J. Fish Biol. 12(2):115-146. (Ref. 1784) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 Catalog of the genera of recent fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA. 697 p. (Ref. 1830) Mathews, C.P. and M. Samuel0 Growth, mortality and assessment for groupers from Kuwait. Kuwait Bull. Mar. Sci. 9:173-191. (Ref. 3639) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Randall, J.E. and P.C. Heemstra0 Revision of Indo-Pacific groupers (Perciformes: Serranidae: Epinephelinae), with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (20):332 p. (Ref. 4787) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall0 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) Bouhlel, M.0 Poissons de Djibouti. Placerville (California, USA): RDA International, Inc. 416 p. (Ref. 5450) Kuronuma, K. and Y. Abe0 Fishes of the Arabian Gulf. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, State of Kuwait, 356 p. (Ref. 5999) Fouda, M.M. and G.V. Hermosa Jr.0 A checklist of Oman fishes. Sultan Qaboos University Press, Sultanate of Oman. 42 p. (Ref. 6365) Shpigel, M. and L. Fishelson0 Territoriality and associated behaviour in three species of the genus <i>Cephalopholis</i> (Pisces: Serranidae) in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. J. Fish Biol. 38(6):887-896. (Ref. 6480) Shpigel, M. and L. Fishelson0 Food habits and prey selection of three species of groupers from the genus <i>Cephalopholis</i> (Serranidae: Teleostei). Environ. Biol. Fishes 24(1):67-73. (Ref. 6775) Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen0 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137) Lieske, E. and R. Myers0 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S.0 Marine species of the Sultanate of Oman. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Sultanate of Oman. 412 p. (Ref. 9773) Randall, J.E.0 Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p. (Ref. 11441) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's tank photos. Collection of 10,000 large-format photos (slides) of dead fishes. Unpublished. (Ref. 28618) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's underwater photos. Collection of almost 2,000 underwater photos (slides). Unpublished. (Ref. 28620) Pauly, D., R. Froese and J.S. Albert0 The BRAINS table. p. 195-198. In R. Froese and D. Pauly (eds.) FishBase 98: concepts, design and data sources. ICLARM, Manila, Philippines. 298 p. (Ref. 30504) Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers0 FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Rome. 376 p. (Ref. 30573) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Zajonz, U., M. Khalaf and F. Krupp0 Coastal fish assemblages of the Socotra Archipelago. p.127-170. In Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity of Socotra Archipelago: marine habitat, biodiversity and fisheries surveys and management. Progress Report of Phase III. Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt. (Ref. 37631) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Chan, T.T.C. and Y. Sadovy0 Reproductive biology, age and growth in the chocolate hind, <i>Cephalopholis boenak</i> (Bloch, 1790), in Hong Kong. Mar. Freshwat. Res. (53):791-803. (Ref. 45317) El-Etreby, S.G., C.M. Roberts, A.A. Ghobashy and M.A. Zyadah0 Coral reef groupers (family: Serranidae) in south Sinai: reproduction and hermaphroditism in the fish <i>Cephalopholis hemistiktos</i> (Rüppell, 1830). J. Egyptian German Soc. Zool. (Anatomy and Embryology) 12(B):1-19. (Ref. 45385) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Assadi, H. and Dehghani P.R.0 Atlas of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman fishes. Iranian Fisheries Research and Training Organization, Iran. (Ref. 47613) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Khalaf, M.A. and A.M. Disi0 Fishes of the Gulf of Aqaba. Marine Science Station, Aqaba, Jordan. 252 p. (Ref. 48643) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Whiteman, E.A. and I.M. Côté0 Monogamy in marine fishes. Biol. Rev. 79:351-375. (Ref. 52884) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Carpenter, K.E., F. Krupp, D.A. Jones and U. Zajonz0 Living marine resources of Kuwait, eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. 324 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 68964) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Taquet, M. and A. Diringer0 Poissons de l'Océan Indien et de la mer Rouge. Versailles (France): Éditions Quæ. 527 p. (Ref. 81519) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Golani, D. and S. V. Bogorodsky0 The fishes of the Red Sea - reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa 2463:1-135. (Ref. 84159) Moldzio, S.0 Checklist of species from Marsa Shagra, Egypt. Personal Communication. Provided Excel file and photos. (Ref. 87788) Craig, M.T., YJ. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.C. Heemstra0 Groupers of the world: a field and market guide. North America: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group, xix, 356 p., A47 pages appendix. (Ref. 89707) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Cheung, W.L., R. Watson and D. Pauly0 Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch. Nature 497:365-368. 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Berumen0 A bridge too far: dispersal barriers and cryptic speciation in an Arabian peninsula grouper (<i>Cephalopholis hemistiktos</i>). J. Biogeogr. 43(4):820-832. (Ref. 131196) FB-pic-6447-2247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-06 2011-11-16 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6447 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Cehem_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Cehem_u0.jpg FB-pic-6447-9323 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-29 2004-09-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6447 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Cehem_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Cehem_u1.jpg FB-pic-6447-9324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-29 2004-09-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6447 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats market http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Cehem_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Cehem_u3.jpg FB-pic-6447-11173 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-05-24 1996-05-24 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6447 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Cehem_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Cehem_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-6447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-10-08 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6447 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution In the Red Sea, it is often found on patchy open reef areas. Feeds diurnally on fishes (64%, mostly pomacentrids) and crustaceans (36%). It is a monogamous species, the pair jointly defends a common territory of up to 62 square m (Ref. 6480). Major threats include overfishing, lack of management and habitat loss (Ref. 089707). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-DiagnosticDescr-6447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-09 00:00:00 2013-08-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6447 distinguished by the following characteristics: body depth 2.7-3.0 in SL; head length 2.4-2.6 in SL; flat interorbital area; rounded preopercle, finely serrate, lower edge fleshy; distinctly convex upper edge of operculum; scaly maxilla, reaching to or somewhat beyond vertical at rear edge of eye; ctenoid body scales, without auxiliary scales (Ref. 089707). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Morphology-6447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-09 00:00:00 2013-08-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6447 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 10; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 - 10 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Distribution-6447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-10-08 00:00:00 2023-09-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6447 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Western Indian Ocean: only from the northern end of the Red Sea to the Persian Gulf and coast of Pakistan. Records from elsewhere are apparently based on misidentifications of other species. Misidentified as Cephalopholis miniatus by Kuronuma & Abe (1986, Ref. 5999) from Kuwait. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-6447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-10-08 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6447 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: subsistence fisheries Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) FB-LifeCycle-6447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Daniel Pauly 1992-10-08 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=6447&StockCode=6769 Displays obligate monogamy where a one-to-one pair is established irrespective of resource abundance (Ref. 52884). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-TrophicStrategy-6447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-09-20 00:00:00 2024-02-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public hemistiktos http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription More often occurs on patchy open reef areas rather than on well developed coral reefs (Also Ref. 9773) in the Red Sea. An ambush predator which feeds throughout the day (Ref. 5222). Also in Ref. 9137. Either solitary or forms small groups (Ref. 9773). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Size-6447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-10-08 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6447 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology 35.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5222)); max. reported age: 26 years (Ref. 1784) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) Thompson, R. and J.L. Munro 1978 Aspects of the biology and ecology of Caribbean reef fishes: Serranidae (hinds and groupers). J. Fish Biol. 12(2):115-146. (Ref. 1784) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-6447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-10-08 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6447 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses reef-associated; non-migratory (Ref. 52884); marine; depth range 4 - 55 m (Ref. 5222), usually 15 - 20 m (Ref. 89707) Whiteman, E.A. and I.M. Côté 2004 Monogamy in marine fishes. Biol. Rev. 79:351-375. (Ref. 52884) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) Craig, M.T., YJ. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.C. Heemstra 2011 Groupers of the world: a field and market guide. North America: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group, xix, 356 p., A47 pages appendix. (Ref. 89707)