FB-7618 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7618 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Myliobatiformes Mobulidae Mobula Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788) Mobula Diabo-do-mar Jamanta Jimanta Manta Ugemanta Uja Uje Urjamanta Stekelstert-mobula Djalli i detit Lopa e detit Lope deti Pasa-pasa Manta atlantská Diavulu di mare Vacca di mare Lille djævlerokke Pighalet djævlerokke Atlantischer Teufelsrochen Japanischer Rochen Kleine Teufelsrochen Kleiner Teufelsroche Meeresteufel Mittelmeer-Manta Teufelsrochen Devil fish Devil ray Devilfish Devilray Giant Devil Ray Giant devil ray Giant devilray Horny ray Japanese devil ray Japanese devilray Longhorned mobula Manta Manta ray Spinetail devil ray Spinetail mobula Astelsaba-merisarvik Vahemere merisarvik Sarvirausku Diable de mer Diable de mer japonais Diable de mer méditerranéen Manta Mante Mante aiguillat Golub uhan Daddarita Diavolo di mare Manta Mobula Muchio vacca Patesse addo capre Pesce vesque Pescio vacca Pipistrello Pisci daddarita Pisci sceccu Vacca 'emare Vescovo Cawang genul Plampangan Itomaki-ei 쥐가오리 Shing pakat शिंग पाकात Pari kalok Pari kola Pari paung Pari paus Pari-paus ekor duri Baqra Manta Raja tal-qrun Manta Mindre djävulsrocka Kulaklı folya Kulaklıfulya balığı Şeytan balığı Cá Ó dơi Nhật Bản Manta Manta arpón Manta de aguijón Manta de espina Manta mobula Maroma Diavol de mare Diavolopsaro Duivelsrog Fafarua Gestekelde duivelsrog Japonska manta Kleine duivelsrog Lampengan Manta Pari lambingan Seláhi kephalóptero Vražja manta Διάβολος Διαβολόψαρο Κερατάς 兰氏鲾鲼 日本蝠魟 日本蝠鱝 日本蝠鲼 蘭氏鰏鱝 蝠鱝 蝠鲼 Anodon cornutus Billberg, 1833 Aodon cornu Lacepède, 1798 Aodon japonicus (Müller & Henle, 1841) Apterurus fabroni Rafinesque, 1810 Cephaloptera dumerillii Billberg, 1833 Cephaloptera giorna (Lacepède, 1803) Cephaloptera japanica Müller & Henle, 1841 Cephaloptera rissoi Billberg, 1833 Cephaloptera tatraniana van Hasselt, 1823 Cephalopterus edentula Griffini, 1903 Cephalopterus giornae (Lacepède, 1803) Cephalopterus japanica Müller & Henle, 1841 Cephalopterus massena Risso, 1810 Dicerobatis giornae (Lacepède, 1803) Dicerobatis monstrum Klunzinger, 1871 Manta mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788) Mobula auriculata Rafinesque, 1810 Mobula diabolus (Shaw, 1804) Mobula japanica (Müller & Henle, 1841) Mobula japonica (Müller & Henle, 1841) Mobula rancureli Cadenat, 1959 Mobular mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788) Raia aurita Suckow, 1799 Raia fabroniana Lacepède, 1800 Raia mobular Bonnaterre, 1788 Raja cephaloptera Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Raja diabolus Shaw, 1804 Raja giorna Lacepède, 1803 Raja vespertilio Walbaum, 1792 Squalus edentulus Brünnich, 1768 1993-03-13 2025-02-17 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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Bennett0 First record of <i>Mobula japanica</i> (Rajiformes: Myliobatidae) from the south-eastern Pacific Ocean. Mar. Biodiv. Rec. 5:e48 (Ref. 126352) Grove, J.S., D.J. Long, D.R. Robertson and B.C. Victor0 List of fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. J. Ocean Sci. Found. 39:14-22. (Ref. 127348) Rambahiniarison, J.M., M.J. Lamoste, C.A. Rohner, R. Murray, S. Snow, J. Labaja, G. Araujo and A. Ponzo0 Life history, growth, and reproductive biology of four mobulid species in the Bohol Sea, Philippines. Frontiers in Marine Science 5:269. (Ref. 128048) Pardo, S.A., H.K. Kindsvater, E. Cuevas-Zimbrón, O. Sosa-Nishizaki, J.C. Pérez-Jiménez and N.K. Dulvy0 Growth, productivity and relative extinction risk of a data-sparse devil ray. Scientific Reports 6(1):33745. (Ref. 128049) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 11 January 2023 and 25 November 2023. UNEP. (Ref. 128078) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) Francis, M.P. and E.G. Jones0 Movement, depth distribution and survival of spinetail devilrays (<i>Mobula japanica</i>) tagged and released from purse-seine catches in New Zealand. Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 27:219-236. (Ref. 129732) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Zavalaga Talledo, F., S.V. Campos León and K. Kanagusuku Gondo0 Guía para la determinación de las principales rayas del Perú. Lima (Peru): Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), 42 p. (Ref. 130539) Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals-CMS0 Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals (CMS). xxx (Ref. 131118) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III. UNEP. (Ref. 131153) Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) FB-GeneralDescr-7618 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2025-02-17 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7618 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution An epipelagic species (Ref. 6808, 58302) found over continental shelves and near oceanic islands (Ref. 6679). Occurs singly or in groups (Ref. 9911). Feeds mainly on euphausiids (mainly Nictiphanes simplex), and to a lesser extent on copepods and crustacean larvae; also on small pelagic fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 6679, 6871), by funnelling using their cephalic fins and then trapping or filtering the food through their specialised gill plates (Ref. 115943). Acoustic tracks record the species to spend time above the thermocline at night to feed on krill (H. Dewar, pers.comm. 05/2000). Max length of female from Ref. 50641. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Bycatch mortalities have been reported from Mediterranean fisheries - large-scale driftnets, purse seines and trawls, bottom set nets, trammel nets, longlines and even fixed traps for tuna. Very common by-catch of the gillnet fisheries targeting skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis). It is utilized for its meat as protein source (except the head), its gill filter plates (of very high value and as an ingredient in Chinese medicine, Ref. 115943), its cartilage and skin (Ref. 58048). McEachran, J.D. and B. Séret 1990 Mobulidae. p. 73-76. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4442) FB-DiagnosticDescr-7618 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Arlene G. Sampang-Reyes 2001-02-16 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7618 Larger than M. hypostoma, tail with spine and prickles (Ref. 6902). Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder 1953 Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates and rays. p. 1-514. In J. Tee-Van et al. (eds.) Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part two. New Haven, Sears Found. Mar. Res., Yale Univ. (Ref. 6902) FB-Distribution-7618 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2025-10-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7618 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Circumglobal. Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FB-Uses-7618 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2025-02-17 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7618 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: commercial FB-Migration-7618 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2025-02-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7618 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-7618 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2025-02-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=7618&StockCode=7922 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 6679, 50449). With one in a litter (Ref. 12951). Size at birth 85-92 cm WD (Ref. 12951, Ref. 58048). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-7618 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-11-22 00:00:00 2023-08-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ mobular Shoaling species. Filter-feeder (Ref. 9773). An epipelagic species (Ref. 6808) found over continental shelves and near oceanic islands. Feeds on small pelagic fishes and crustaceans. McEachran, J.D. and C. Capapé 1984 Mobulidae. p. 210-211. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 6679) FB-Size-7618 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2025-02-17 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7618 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology 520 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4442)); 240 cm WD (female); max. published weight: 1,500.0 kg (Ref. 115943) McEachran, J.D. and B. Séret 1990 Mobulidae. p. 73-76. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4442) Abudaya, M., A. Ulman, J. Salah, D. Fernando, C. Wor and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara 2017 Speak of the devil ray (<i>Mobula mobular</i>) fishery in Gaza. Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. 28:229-239. (Ref. 115943) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-7618 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2025-02-17 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7618 pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 0 - 700 m (Ref. 106604), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 89423) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Weigmann, S. 2016 Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. J. Fish Biol. 88(1):1-201. (Ref. 106604) McMillan, P.J., L.H. Griggs, M.P. Francis, P.J Marriott, L.J. Paul, E. Mackay, B.A. Wood, H. Sui and F. Wei 2011 New Zealand fishes. Volume 3: A field guide to common species caught by surface fishing. New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No. 69. 145 p. (Ref. 89423)