FB-8325 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8325 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Cephalopholis Cephalopholis colonus (Valenciennes, 1846) Stillehavskreolfisk Pacific creolefish Pacific creole-fish Badèche du Pacifique Barbero Cabinza Cabinza serránida Gringo Indio Ladrón Pargo rollizo Rabirrubia de lo alto Sandía 东太平洋副花鮨 東太平洋副花鮨 Epinephelus colonus (Valenciennes, 1846) Paranthias colonus (Valenciennes, 1846) Paranthias furcifer (non Valenciennes, 1828) Paranthias pinguis Walford, 1936 Serranus colonus Valenciennes, 1846 1993-08-24 2024-01-18 Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter0 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 Catalog of the genera of recent fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA. 697 p. (Ref. 1830) Snodgrass, R.E. and E. Heller0 Papers from the Hopkins-Standford Galapagos Expedition, 1898-1899. XVII. Shore fishes of the Revillagigedo, Clipperton, Cocos, and Galapagos Islands. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6:333-427. (Ref. 1954) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall0 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) Humann, P. and N. DeLoach0 Reef fish identification. Galápagos. New World Publications, Inc., Florida. 267 p. (Ref. 5227) Chirichigno F., N.0 Clave para identificar los peces marinos del Peru. Inf. Inst. Mar. Perú (44):1-387. (Ref. 5530) Thomson, D.A.0 Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez. The rocky-shore fishes of the Gulf of California. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 302 p. (Ref. 5592) Smith, C.L.0 A revision of the American groupers: <i>Epinephelus</i> and allied genera. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. N.Y.146:1-241. (Ref. 6572) Thomson, D.A., L.T. Findley and A.N. Kerstitch0 Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez. The rocky-shore fishes of the Gulf of California. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 302 p. (Ref. 6852) Heemstra, P.C.0 Serranidae. Meros, serranos, guasetas, enjambres, baquetas, indios, loros, gallinas, cabrillas, garropas. p. 1565-1613. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9342) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937) CENAIM0 A field guide to the edible fishes and shellfishes in coastal waters of Ecuador. Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas (CENAIM), Ecuador. 95 p. (Ref. 11035) Escobar-Fernández, R. and M. Siri0 Nombres vernáculos y científicos de los peces del Pacífico mexicano. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Sociedad Ictiológica Mexicana, A.C. Mexico. (Ref. 27736) Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg0 The fishes of the Galápagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 863 p. (Ref. 28023) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Centro Interdisiplinario de Ciencias Marinas. Centro Interdisiplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), La Paz, Mexico. (Ref. 33624) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Watson, W.0 Serranidae: sea basses. p. 876-899. In H.G. Moser (ed.) The early stages of fishes in the California Current Region. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) Atlas No. 33. Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas. 1505 p. (Ref. 39762) Béarez, P.0 Lista de los peces marinos del Ecuador continental. Rev. Biol. Trop. 44(2):731-741. (Ref. 40498) McCosker, J.E. and R.H. Rosenblatt0 Fishes collected at Malpelo Island. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 176:91-93. (Ref. 41373) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Okey, T.A. and S.A. Sheperd0 Demersal fish assemblages at two depths (6 and 13 m) on Isabela and Fernandina Islands, Galapagos. Program BIOMAR, Charles Darwin Research Station, Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos. 13p. Manuscript. (Ref. 41880) Beltrán-León, B.S. and R.R. Herrera0 Estadios tempranos de peces del Pacifico Colombiano. Tomo 2. Republica de Colombia, Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Instituto Nacional de Pesca Y Acuicultura (INPA). Buenaventura-Colombia, Tomo 2. (Ref. 44342) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Craig, M.T., D.J. Pondella II, J.P.C. Franck and J.C. Hafner0 On the status of the serranid fish genus <i>Epinephelus</i>: evidence for paraphyly based upon 16S rDNA sequence. Mol. Phylo. Evol. 19(1):121-130. (Ref. 55244) Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff0 Reef fish community structure in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (Panamá): living on a relatively stable rocky reef environment. Helgol. Mar. Res. 60:287-305. (Ref. 57615) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Balart, E.F., A. González-Cabello, R.C. Romero-Ponce, A. Zayas-Alvarez, M. Calderón-Parra, L. Campos-Dávila and L.T. Findley0 Length-weight relationships of cryptic reef fishes for the southwestern Gulf of California, México. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 22:316-318. (Ref. 59088) Craig, M.T., YJ. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.C. Heemstra0 Groupers of the world: a field and market guide. North America: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group, xix, 356 p., A47 pages appendix. (Ref. 89707) McCosker, J.E. and R.H. Rosenblatt0 The fishes of the Galápagos archipelago: An update. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 61[4(Suppl.2)]:167-195. (Ref. 94512) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) SCRFA, Science and Conservation of Fish Aggregations0 SCRFA database. Web online database. https://www.scrfa.org/database/: SCRFA. [2013-onwards]. (Ref. 118580) Ma, K.Y. and M.T. Craig0 An inconvenient monophyly: an update on the taxonomy of the groupers (Epinephelidae). Copeia 106(3):443-456. (Ref. 119507) Garcés, H.0 Lista sistemática preliminar de los peces marinos comerciales del Pacifico de Panama. Tecnociencia, 23(1):198-237. (Ref. 123526) Grove, J.S., D.J. Long, D.R. Robertson and B.C. Victor0 List of fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. J. Ocean Sci. Found. 39:14-22. (Ref. 127348) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-8325-5451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-08-15 1996-04-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8325 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pacol_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Pacol_u1.gif FB-pic-8325-38667 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 2004-02-20 2010-07-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8325 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pacol_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Pacol_u4.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-8325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-08-24 00:00:00 2024-01-18 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8325 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Found typically in small aggregations well above the reef, but will retreat to the reef at the approach of danger. Feeds mainly on small planktonic animals picked individually from the water, made possible by their shortened snout which facilitates close-range binocular vision. Excellent source of bait (Ref. 9342). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-DiagnosticDescr-8325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-21 00:00:00 2013-10-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8325 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distinguished by the following characteristics: reddish or reddish grey body color with 2-3 bright blue or violet spots on dorsal part of body and another 2 on midlateral part of caudal peduncle; pectoral-fin axil with bright blue spot; dorsal fin base darker, fin margin reddish green; depth of body contained 2.9-3.4 times in SL; head length 3.2-4.0 times in SL; convex interorbital area; subangular preopercle with shallow notch, vertical edge and rear half of lower edge finely serrate; subequal posterior and anterior nostrils (Ref. 89707). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Morphology-8325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-21 00:00:00 2013-10-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8325 Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 18 - 21; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 9 - 11 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Distribution-8325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-08-24 00:00:00 2013-10-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8325 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru, including the Revillagigedo, Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, and Malpelo islands. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-8325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-08-24 00:00:00 2024-01-18 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8325 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: subsistence fisheries; bait: usually Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) FB-TrophicStrategy-8325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 2000-06-20 00:00:00 2007-08-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public colonus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Found typically in small aggregations well above the reef, but will retreat to the reef at the approach of danger. Feeds mainly on small planktonic animals picked individually from the water, made possible by their shortened snout which facilitates close-range binocular vision. Planktivore (Ref. 57615). Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg 1997 The fishes of the Galápagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 863 p. (Ref. 28023) FB-Size-8325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-08-24 00:00:00 2024-01-18 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8325 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 35.6 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5592)) Thomson, D.A. 1987 Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez. The rocky-shore fishes of the Gulf of California. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 302 p. (Ref. 5592) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-8325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-08-24 00:00:00 2024-01-18 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8325 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle reef-associated; marine; depth range 10 - 70 m (Ref. 5222) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)