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	<dc:identifier>FB-8687</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8687</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Elasmobranchii</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Myliobatiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Myliobatidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Myliobatis</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Myliobatis australis Macleay, 1881</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Siba australská</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Australsk ørnerokke</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Australischer Adlerrochen</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Australian bull ray</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Bull-ray</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Cowfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Cowray</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Eagle ray</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Fly-aways</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Mill ray</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Southern eagle ray</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Whip ray</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Whiptail ray</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Austraalia kotkasrai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Australische adelaarsrog</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>澳大利亚鲼</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>澳大利亞鱝</commonName>
	<dcterms:created>1993-12-03</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-07-29</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=8687'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=557&amp;speccode=8687'>Wheeler, A.0 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH &amp; Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2158&amp;speccode=8687'>Grant, E.M.0 Guide to fishes. 1st edition. Department of Harbours and Marine, Queensland. 280 p. Reprint of Fifth Edition, 1985. (Ref. 2158)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5969&amp;speccode=8687'>Kotlyar, A.N.0 Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow. 288 p. (Ref. 5969)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6323&amp;speccode=8687'>Crawford, R.0 World record game fishes 1993. The International Game Fish Association, Pompano Beach, Florida. (Ref. 6323)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0 643 05143 0' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6871&amp;speccode=8687'>Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens0 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9862&amp;speccode=8687'>Compagno, L.J.V.0 Myliobatidae. Eagle rays. p. 1511-1519. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes. Part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9862)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=8687'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=8687'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-8018-6048-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35766&amp;speccode=8687'>Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38544&amp;speccode=8687'>Blaber, S.J.M., J.W. Young and M.C. Dunning0 Community structure and zoogeographic affinities of the coastal fishes of the Dampier region of north-western Australia. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 36:247-266. (Ref. 38544)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=8687'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=39768&amp;speccode=8687'>Compagno, L.J.V.0 Myliobatidae. Eagle rays. p. 1511-1519. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes. Part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 39768)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40637&amp;speccode=8687'>IGFA0 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43454&amp;speccode=8687'>Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48497&amp;speccode=8687'>Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50449&amp;speccode=8687'>Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50831&amp;speccode=8687'>Seafood Services Australia0 Australian fish names list. http://www.seafoodservices.com.au/, version 16 September 2003. (Ref. 50831)</reference>
	<reference isbn='80-7036-139-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51055&amp;speccode=8687'>Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a ryboviti obratlovci (Pisces) 3., maloústí (Gonorhynchiformes) - máloostní (Cypriniformes). Národní muzeum (zoologické oddělení), Praha. (Ref. 51055)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51471&amp;speccode=8687'>Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=8687'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75154&amp;speccode=8687'>Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS &amp; CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75549&amp;speccode=8687'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=78751&amp;speccode=8687'>Johnson, J.W.0 Annotated checklist of the fishes of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 43(2):709-762. (Ref. 78751)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83882&amp;speccode=8687'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90062&amp;speccode=8687'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=8687'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=8687'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=8687'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=109645&amp;speccode=8687'>White, W.T. and G.J.P. Naylor0 Resurrection of the family Aetobatidae (Myliobatiformes) for the pelagic eagle rays, genus &lt;i&gt;Aetobatus&lt;/i&gt;. Zootaxa 4139(3):435-438. (Ref. 109645)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115257&amp;speccode=8687'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118272&amp;speccode=8687'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=121799&amp;speccode=8687'>University of Western Australia0 Pelagic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 121799)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=122752&amp;speccode=8687'>University of Western Australia0 Benthic  BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=123586&amp;speccode=8687'>Graham, K.J.0 Trawl fish length-weight relationships from data collected during FRV Kapala surveys. NSW Fisheries Research Institute. Fisheries Research Report Series 2. (Ref. 123586)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=124692&amp;speccode=8687'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed July, 2021] (Ref. 124692)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:created>1993-12-03 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-07-29 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8687</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>Commonly found off beaches and over sand flats in shallow water.  Also found offshore down to 85 m (Ref. 9862).  Feeds mainly on crabs and shellfish (Ref. 6871).  Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0 643 05143 0' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6871&amp;speccode=8687'>Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens 1994 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-8687</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1993-12-03 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-10-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:description>Eastern Indian Ocean:  southern Australia, from Western Australia to Queensland.  Possibly occurring off New Zealand.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0 643 05143 0' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6871&amp;speccode=8687'>Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens 1994 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-8687</dc:identifier>
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	<dcterms:modified>2024-07-29 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8687</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>gamefish: yes</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6323&amp;speccode=8687'>Crawford, R. 1993 World record game fishes 1993. The International Game Fish Association, Pompano Beach, Florida. (Ref. 6323)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-8687</dc:identifier>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>120 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 6871)); max. published weight: 56.5 kg (Ref. 40637)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0 643 05143 0' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6871&amp;speccode=8687'>Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens 1994 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40637&amp;speccode=8687'>IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
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	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-8687</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1993-12-03 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-07-29 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8687</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 85 m (Ref. 9862)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9862&amp;speccode=8687'>Compagno, L.J.V. 1997 Myliobatidae. Eagle rays. p. 1511-1519. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes. Part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9862)</reference></dataObject>
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