FB-9283 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9283 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rajiformes Rajidae Raja Raja polystigma Regan, 1923 Raje pikaloshe Gepunkteter Rochen Vielfleckrochen Speckled ray Speckled skate Tähnikrai Raie tachetée Raža crnožiga Razza polistima Razza polistimma Vatoz Manchada Raya manchada Črnopegasta raža Rajada tacada Stiktovatos Stipjesrog Ράγια Ράτσα Ρίνα Σαλάχι Στικτόβατος 多刺鰩 多刺鳐 Raia polystigma Regan, 1923 1994-04-13 2024-05-10 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Whitehead, P.J.P., M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.)0 Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vols. I-III:1473 p. (Ref. 232) Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel0 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. 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Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) FB-pic-9283-18790 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1998-12-20 1999-08-11 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9283 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Rapol_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Rapol_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-9283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-04-13 00:00:00 2024-05-10 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9283 Found mainly on soft bottoms (Ref. 3167). Feed mainly on crustaceans and bony fishes depending on the sex, size and also partly with the season (Ref. 3167). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). About 20-62 eggs are laid by an individual in a year (Ref. 41314). McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314) FB-Distribution-9283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-04-13 00:00:00 2024-11-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9283 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Northeast Atlantic: known only from the western Mediterranean, more common along the African coasts. Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) FB-Uses-9283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-04-13 00:00:00 2024-05-10 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9283 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: commercial FB-LifeCycle-9283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1994-04-13 00:00:00 2024-05-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=9283&StockCode=9605 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Ripe females occurring mostly in the winter and deposit 20 to 62 egg-cases per year depending on size (Ref. 3167). Distinct pairing with embrace. Y oung may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-9283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-12-14 00:00:00 2000-12-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ polystigma Found mainly on soft bottoms. Feeds mainly on crustaceans and bony fishes depending on the sex, size and also partly with the season. Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) FB-Size-9283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-04-13 00:00:00 2024-05-10 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9283 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 60.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 3167)) Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-9283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-04-13 00:00:00 2024-05-10 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9283 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat demersal; marine; depth range 100 - 400 m (Ref. 3167) Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167)