分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers)
裸頰鯛科 (Emperors or scavengers) > Monotaxinae
Etymology: Monotaxis: Greek, monos = one + Greek, taxis = disposition (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Forsskål.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 0 - 100 m (Ref. 9710), usually 5 - 30 m (Ref. 9775). 熱帶; 35°N - 30°S, 32°E - 122°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Hawaiian Islands and southeastern Oceania, north to Japan, south to Australia.
印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到夏威夷群島與大洋洲東南方; 澳洲北至日本。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 27.5, range 18 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2295); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2295); 最大體重: 5.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數): 10; 背的軟條 (總數): 10; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 9. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body oblong, greatest body depth of adults about 2.2 in SL; head profile strongly convex in front of eye, the snout sloping steeply; eye large 2.7 (juveniles) to 3.8 (adults) in HL; inner surface of the pectoral fin base is densely scaled; pectoral rays usually 14; caudal fin forked with pointed tips; lateral line scales 44-47; scale rows above lateral line (to base of middle dorsal spines) 5, below (to origin of anal fin) 13.5; side of jaw with row of 5-7 molariform teeth. Color of adult silvery grey with narrow dark scale margins, lips yellowish, a large black blotch covering pectoral fin axil, quick to assume pattern of 4 broad, blackish bars on body, the pale interspaces covering 3-4 scale rows; juveniles with black bar through eye, body with 3 dark brown to blackish bars with the 2 posterior bars extending onto the dorsal fin, and each lobe of caudal fin with an orange band (Ref. 2295, 90102).
胸鰭基底的內面覆滿鱗片。 身體通常藍灰色漸層色到微白色的在腹的部份上; 唇是黃色到略帶桃色的。 那環繞著眼的區域時常黃色或橘色的。 沒有特殊的斑紋，鰭通常。 薄膜是清澈或暗色的但是時常淡紅的到橘黃色的。 上面胸鰭鰭條的基底與胸葉腋的內部基底 (也就是身體側邊) 是黑色的。 尾鰭通常與鰭的較灰白膜狀部份成對比的黑色鰭條。 小的稚魚 (時常也較大時 20-30個公分個體) 微白色的在下半部上而且有三條被在上半部上的比較狹窄白色的橫帶分開的突出的黑色鞍狀斑。 一條垂直的黑色橫帶越過眼從上方。
Found in sand and rubble areas near coral reefs. Solitary fish are often encountered, but large adults usually form aggregations of up to about 50 individuals (Ref. 9710). Solitary or in groups (Ref. 90102). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Nocturnal feeders (Ref. 9710). Feed mainly on gastropods, ophiuroids, and echinoids. Pagurids and brachyuran crabs, polychaetes, tunicates, and holothurians are consumed in lesser quantities. Caught mainly with gillnets, traps, spears, and handlines (Ref. 2295). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9775). Ciguatoxic in Marshall Is. (Ref. 171). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
發現於在珊瑚礁附近的沙子與碎石區了。 獨居性的魚時常被見到，但是大的成魚通常形成魚群達到大約 50個個體。 一個夜行的捕食者.(參考文獻 9710) 主要吃腹足動物，陽燧足與海膽。 寄居蟹與十足目螃蟹，多毛類動物，被囊類與海參被少量食用。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。 (參考文獻 9775) 在馬紹爾群島的有西加毒的.(參考文獻 171)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到夏威夷群島與大洋洲東南方; 澳洲北至日本。
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.6 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 1440 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02188 (0.01670 - 0.02866), b=2.95 (2.87 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (76 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 13.8 [7.7, 30.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.142 [0.080, 0.282] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.5, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.0686 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 72.3 [36.9, 142.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 56.8 [17.8, 158.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.438 [0.335, 0.630] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
