分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Salmoniformes (Salmons) >
Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Coregonus: Greek, kore = pupils of the eye + Greek, gonia = angle (Ref. 45335); nasus: nasus refering to shape of nose (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Pallas.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243). 極; 73°N - 59°N, 46°E - 102°W
Eurasia and North America: all drainages of Arctic Ocean from Volonga and Pechora to Alaska.
來自 Pechora 河的北極海流域東方, 到美國北部的俄國 (參考文獻 593): 從在加拿大西北地區的梨酒河到 Kushokwim 河 (白令海支流) ，阿拉斯加州的北極圈流域。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 71.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 96339); common length : 46.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1998); 最大体重: 16.0 kg (Ref. 1998); 最大年龄: 15 年 (Ref. 59043)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 10-13; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 11 - 14; 脊椎骨: 60 - 65. Distinguished by its short gill rakers, which are less than one-fifth as long as the interorbital width, and the rounded to flat profile of the head (Ref. 27547). Adipose fin fairly large; axillary process present in the pelvic fins (Ref. 27547). Olive-brown to nearly black on back; sides silvery, often with a gray cast; belly white to yellowish; fins usually rather gray in adults, pale in young (Ref. 27547).
区别的特徵为它的短鳃耙,那是少于五分之一长达眼间骨宽度, 与圆形到头部的平坦轮廓.(参考文献 27547) 脂鳍非常大的; 腋窝的突起出现在腹鳍。 (参考文献 27547) 黄褐色的到几乎黑色背面; 侧边银色的, 时常具有一个灰色的外貌; 腹部白色的到淡黄色的; 鳍通常相当灰色当成鱼时, 灰白的当幼鱼时.(参考文献 27547)
Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Lowland river and lakes (Ref. 59043) but most frequently in streams (Ref. 5723). Lacustrine and estuarine anadromous forms exist (Ref. 593). Alevins and juveniles feed on zooplankton, adults on benthos, mainly chironomid larvae and molluscs (Ref. 1998, 59043). Males reproduce for the first time in 4-8 years, females at 5-9. Adults start upstream migration in late July - August and reach spawning sites by October - November and spawn in stretches with swift current and sand-pebble bottom, often under ice. Spawning lasts 5-7 days and fish leave spawning site soon after, migrating downstream to overwinter in deeper places of lower stretches of rivers together with older juveniles. In spring, alevins drift from spawning sites downstream with flood-water and forage in floodplain lakes and oxbows where they remain until end of summer before moving to river or reaching maturity (if lakes are large enough and do not dry out). Widely used for aquaculture in eastern Europe (Ref. 59043). Flesh is highly esteemed (Ref. 1998). Sold fresh, dried, or smoked (Ref. 1998).
最常在溪流中.(参考文献 5723) 湖泊而河口的溯河洄游产卵的造型存在。 (参考文献 593) 吃水生的昆虫幼生，小的软件动物与甲壳动物。 (参考文献 1998) 肉是深受喜爱的。 (参考文献 1998) 生鲜贩卖, 乾制了, 或烟熏了.(参考文献 1998)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Mature adults make upstream spawning migrations beginning as early as June and may extend to September or later (Ref. 28214, 28852, 28855, 28857) and move back downstream after spawning and overwinter in deep parts of the rivers or in estuaries (Ref. 27547). Young hatch in the spring and move downward (Ref. 27547).來自 Pechora 河的北極海流域東方, 到美國北部的俄國 (參考文獻 593): 從在加拿大西北地區的梨酒河到 Kushokwim 河 (白令海支流) ，阿拉斯加州的北極圈流域。
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00470 - 0.00613), b=3.22 (3.18 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 7.8 (5.4 - 8.9) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 15
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.10-0.30; tm=7; tmax=15; Fec=10,000).
Prior r = 0.34, 95% CL = 0.22 - 0.51, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (65 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14 [6, 26] mg/100g; Iron = 0.432 [0.202, 0.855] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [17.0, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.638 [0.254, 1.755] g/100g; Selenium = 12.1 [4.4, 31.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.15 [1.18, 46.59] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.475 [0.354, 0.695] mg/100g (wet weight);
