Common names from other countries
Lớp phụ Cá sụn (cá mập và cá đuối) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Zanobatidae (Panrays)
Etymology: schoenleinii: Needs a better reference..
More on authors: Müller & Henle.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển gần đáy; Mức độ sâu ? - 100 m (Ref. 27000), usually 10 - 15 m (Ref. 114953). Tropical; 31°N - 18°S, 19°W - 14°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Central Atlantic: Morocco to Angola.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm 38.5, range 37 - 40 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 6513); common length : 40.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 114953); common length :50 cm TL (female); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 1.4 kg (Ref. 114953)
Occurs in shallow coastal waters to moderate depth, over sandy and sandy-muddy bottoms. Feeds on mollusks and other benthic invertebrates, mainly shrimps (Ref. 6513, 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 5377). Females mature at 37-40 cm TL, males ca. 30 cm TL; born at ca. 19 cm TL. Litters of 1-4 pups after short gestation; born at ca. 19 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Sự tái sinh sản | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Ấu trùng
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Stehmann, M., 1990. Platyrhinidae. p. 28. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 6513)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 15.6 - 20.9, mean 19.2 (based on 19 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm Total Length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): thấp, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 4.5 - 14 năm (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).