Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Achiridae (American soles)
Etymology: Apionichthys: Greek, apion = pear + Greek, ichthys = fish; it also exists "a-pion", no fatty (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Kaup.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; freshwater; brackish; demersal; amphidromous (Ref. 36798). Tropical

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: estuarine areas of the Orinoco (Venezuela), Corantijn (Suriname), Oyapock, Amazon and Grajaú (Brazil) rivers, and from marine areas under influence of these rivers. Enters low land freshwaters - there are records from Jari River (Brazil) and Corantijn River (Suriname).

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 13.1 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 80009); common length : 11.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5217)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 57 - 75; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 40 - 55; Vertebrae: 34 - 38. Nostril diameter 1.5-2 times orbital diameter; color pattern consisting of a light brown background with irregular, scattered dark brown blotches, the largest ones 2-7 times interorbital space; caudal fin pointed (median rays proportionally longer than external ones); presence of gill openings on both eyed sides; absence of scales on the interorbital space (Ref. 49504).

Rare. Adults occur over sandy-muddy bottoms of the littoral zone and estuaries. Little is known of its biology (Ref. 35237). Maximum length reported to reach 15 cm TL (Ref. 5217).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Ramos, Robson T.C. | Collaborators

Ramos, R.T.C., 2003. Systematic review of Apionichthys (Pleuronectiformes: Achiridae), with description of four new species. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 14(2):97-126. (Ref. 49504)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 24 August 2012

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
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Anatomy
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Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 26.9 - 28.1, mean 27.5 °C (based on 102 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00417 (0.00167 - 0.01042), b=3.10 (2.88 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Apionichthys dumerili Kaup, 1858