Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser demersal; ozeanodrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 10 - 200 m, usually 10 - 150 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 72°N - 43°N, 26°W - 45°E (Ref. 54592)
Northeast Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to the White Sea and off Iceland.
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm 29.3, range 20 - 30 cm
Max length : 65.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 9988); max. veröff. Gewicht: 3.0 kg (Ref. 6112); max. veröff. Alter: 23 Jahre (Ref. 6112)
Small head and mouth. Body is oval. Skin is marbled and smooth. Lateral line almost straight, slight curve above the pectoral fin (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Lives most often on stony bottoms. Feeds on a variety of small invertebrates, but polychaetes seem to dominate. Apparently they do not feed in wintertime (Ref. 9900). Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Spawning is mainly confined to depths of 55-91 m in the northwestern North Sea and commences at a minimum temperature of 6.5 °C in Scottish waters. Sex ratio is about 1:1, but females progressively predominate upon sexual maturity.
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja; Aquarium: Öffentliche Aquarien
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Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Bevorzugte Temperatur (Ref.
123201): 7.1 - 12.5, mean 9.9 °C (based on 1310 cells).
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00592 - 0.00928), b=3.09 (3.02 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (K=0.08-0.42; tm=3-6; tmax=23; Fec=19,680).
Prior r = 0.71, 95% CL = 0.47 - 1.07, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
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Klimaanfälligkeit (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
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Nährstoffe (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.4 [11.3, 39.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.237 [0.134, 0.434] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [15, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.301 [0.150, 0.610] g/100g; Selenium = 18.1 [9.7, 37.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.6 [1.8, 30.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.377 [0.264, 0.576] mg/100g (wet weight);