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背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 46 - 51; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 34 - 36; 脊椎骨: 25 - 28. Diagnosis: flat and asymmetric body; eyes located on right side of head, except in reversed individuals; preopercle covered with scales, but still visible (shining through the scales) (Ref. 57416). No scales on opercle (Ref. 80029). Mouth small, more or less arched and inferior; dorsal and anal fins lacking spinous rays and united by membrane to caudal fin which is well defined; pectoral fins present on both sides, but reduced ; pelvic fins well separate from each other, with single ray; only straight part of lateral line visible; body covered with ctenoid scales (Ref. 57416).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: flattened.
Desoutter, M., 1986. Soleidae. p. 430-431. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6805)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献 82804): PD50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00454 - 0.02011), b=3.07 (2.90 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献 69278): 3.3 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (参考文献 120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
渔业脆弱性 (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100). 🛈