Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 100 m. Tropical; 44°N - 14°N, 26°W - 36°E
Eastern Central Atlantic: Cape Verde and the Canary Islands. Also reported from Lebanon in the eastern Mediterranean. Its exact distribution and abundance are unknown because most published records do not separate it from Sphyraena sphyraena. Also in Azores Islands (Ref. 44330).
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 128 cm FL jantan/; (Ref. 40637); common length : 40.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 11101); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 8.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Body slender, fusiform with conical, hydrodynamical snout. Mouth long, with low protractile capacity and with prognatic lower jaw, has two rows of long canine-like teeth. Has no scale on preoperculum. Upper half of body has numerous vertical dark bands extending below the lateral line in the anterior part of the flanks (Ref. 44330).
Its habits are probably similar to those of the phylogenetically closely related Sphyraena sphyraena (Ref. 6949). Feeds on cephalopods, crustaceans and fishes. Caught in trammel nets and beach seines (Ref. 11101).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
De Sylva, D.P., 1990. Sphyraenidae. p. 860-864. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6949)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.09 - 21.5475, mean 18.83 °C (based on 230 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00339 - 0.01546), b=2.92 (2.74 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 12.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 28.6 [14.0, 87.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.551 [0.256, 1.217] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.6, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.135 [0.059, 0.317] g/100g; Selenium = 52.3 [20.6, 141.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.8 [2.3, 74.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.508 [0.306, 0.883] mg/100g (wet weight);
