Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển; Ở đại duơng, biển; Mức độ sâu 0 - 20 m. Subtropical; 51°N - 10°S, 98°W - 7°E
Western Atlantic: Gulf Stream waters off Massachusetts, USA to southern Brazil. Caribbean including Antilles (Ref. 26938). Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Liberia (Ref. 4498). Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951). Reported from Sao Tome Island (Ref. 34088).
Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 32.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 5217); common length : 25.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 5217)
Generally found in surface waters near the coast (Ref. 5217). Capable of leaping out of the water and gliding for long distances above the surface (Ref. 3613).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Sự tái sinh sản | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Ấu trùng
Parin, N.V. and R.H. Gibbs Jr., 1990. Exocoetidae. p. 583-591. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4498)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.2 - 28, mean 26.2 °C (based on 456 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00292 - 0.01429), b=3.04 (2.84 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Chiêù cao, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là dưới 15 tháng (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 260 [94, 524] mg/100g; Iron = 1.93 [0.97, 4.36] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.7, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.329 [0.149, 0.917] g/100g; Selenium = 21.3 [9.2, 45.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.5 [4.8, 65.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.921 [0.616, 1.412] mg/100g (wet weight);