Environment: milieu / climate zone / пределы глубины / distribution range
экология
морской донно-пелагический; пределы глубины 0 - 100 m (Ref. 114953). Subtropical; 28°N - 12°N, 33°E - 68°E (Ref. 114953)
Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea, Gulf of Oman, and probably Gulf of Aden and other areas of NE Arabian Sea. Reports from Mediterranean Sea and elsewhere in Indo-Pacific need confirmation.
Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm ?, range 83 - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm WD самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 8630)
A benthic species often found in very shallow water near the coast and offshore on the continental shelf (Ref. 9909, Ref.114953). Feed on small mollusks and bony fishes (Ref. 12951) and crustaceans (Ref. 127960). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Produces up to 10 pups a litter, mainly from May to October (in the Red Sea region) (Ref. 114953). Size at least 171 cm TL. Males matures at ca. 83 cm TL, birth size at ca. 29 cm TL (Ref.114953). Utilized where it occurs but information lacking (Ref. 9909). A target species and utilised bycatch mainly in artisanal fisheries (Ref. 127960).
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: bycatch
дополнительная информация
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
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ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (ссылка
123201): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 27.9 °C (based on 1002 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (ссылка
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00141 - 0.01074), b=3.05 (2.82 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (ссылка
69278): 4.1 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (ссылка
120179): низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции 4.5-14 лет (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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