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Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Rastrelliger: Latin, rastra = rake + Latin, gero = to carry.
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 20 - 90 m (Ref. 12260). 熱帶; 17°C - ? (Ref. 54861); 38°N - 36°S, 20°E - 180°E (Ref. 54861)
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Indonesia, north to the Ryukyu Islands and China, south to Australia, Melanesia and Samoa. Entered the eastern Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal.
印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到印尼,北至琉球群島與中國, 南至澳洲，美拉尼西亞與美屬薩摩亞。 進入了地中海東部經過蘇伊士運河。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 21.0, range 17 - 24.5 cm
Max length : 36.0 cm 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 111654); 42.1 cm TL (female); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 30573); 最大体重: 0.00 g; 最大年龄: 4 年 (Ref. 168)
背棘 (总数) : 8 - 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 12; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 12. Head longer than body depth. Maxilla partly concealed, covered by lachrymal bone but extending to about hind margin of eye. Bristles on longest gill raker 105 on one side in specimens of 12.7 cm, 140 in 16 cm, and 160 in 19 cm fork length specimens. A black spot on body near lower margin of pectoral fin. Interpelvic process small and single. Swim bladder present. Anal spine rudimentary.
头部长度超过体高。 颚骨部分隐藏, 被泪骨盖着了但是延伸至大约眼的后缘。 在 12.7 公分， 140/16 的公分与 160/19 的公分尾叉长标本的标本中的一个侧边上在长的鳃耙 105 上的刚毛。 在胸鳍的下缘附近的在身体上的一个黑色的斑点。 腹鳍间的突起小的与单个。 有泳鳔。 臀鳍硬棘不发达的。
Adults occur in coastal bays, harbors and deep lagoons, usually in some turbid plankton-rich waters. Form schools. Feed on phytoplankton (diatoms) and small zooplankton (cladocerans, ostracods, larval polychaetes, etc.) (Ref. 9684). Small groups were seen eating eggs of Cheilio inermis straight after spawning (Ref. 48637). Adult individuals feed on macroplankton such as larval shrimps and fish. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Generally marketed fresh, frozen, canned, dried-salted, and smoked; also made into fish sauce (Ref. 9684).
出现于近岸海湾, 港湾且深舄湖,通常在一些混浊的浮游生物-丰饶的水域。 形成鱼群。 吃浮游植物 (硅藻) 与小的浮游动物 (水蚤，介形虫，幼虫的多毛类动物, 等等。) 。 (参考文献 9684) 小群鱼群被在他们的 spawnings 之后笔直地见到 管唇鱼〔Cheilio inermis〕 的吃卵。 (参考文献 48637) 成鱼的个体吃大型浮游生物例如幼虫的虾与鱼。 通常在市场上销售新鲜的﹐冷冻的, 将,装于罐头干燥盐腌, 与烟熏; 也制成鱼酱。 (参考文献 9684)
印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到印尼,北至琉球群島與中國, 南至澳洲，美拉尼西亞與美屬薩摩亞。 進入了地中海東部經過蘇伊士運河。
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 诱饵: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.7 - 28.3, mean 27.3 °C (based on 491 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00767 - 0.00989), b=3.07 (3.04 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.1 (0.9 - 1.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 81
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.2-1.9; tm=0.5-1; tmax=4; Fec = 37,690).
Prior r = 0.62, 95% CL = 0.41 - 0.93, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 200 [75, 539] mg/100g; Iron = 3.28 [1.58, 6.56] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [19.4, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.32 [0.15, 0.67] g/100g; Selenium = 47.6 [16.2, 153.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.8 [6.0, 89.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.24 [0.67, 3.18] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
