Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 3 - 50 m (Ref. 9626). Subtropical; 34°N - 12°S, 99°W - 32°W
Western Atlantic: Bermuda, southeastern Florida (USA), and the Bahamas to Brazil.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm 19.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 7251); common length : 25.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3798); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 550.00 g (Ref. 5217)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 12; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 15 - 17; Sirip dubur lunak: 8. Broad black area above line from dorsal fin origin to tip of lower caudal fin lobe, including upper part of caudal peduncle and both lobes of tail. Striking colored species, with a silvery body, black back and tail (Ref. 26938). With narrow yellow stripes, the broadest mid-lateral (Ref. 13442).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Inhabits clear inshore and offshore reefs (Ref. 9710) and adjacent grass beds, often in schools (Ref. 3798). Feeds on crustaceans (Ref. 3798). Marketed fresh (Ref. 3798).
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Akuarium: Akuarium publik
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Acuan
123201): 23.7 - 28, mean 26.8 °C (based on 288 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01738 (0.01034 - 0.02920), b=3.00 (2.86 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 2.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.5 [13.0, 65.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.614 [0.299, 1.244] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.139 [0.061, 0.282] g/100g; Selenium = 16.7 [7.3, 36.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.4 [6.3, 119.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.918 [0.551, 1.493] mg/100g (wet weight);
