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Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Scomberomorus: Latin, scomber = mackerel + Greek, moros = silly, stupid (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 5 - 140 m (Ref. 36484), usually 5 - 15 m (Ref. 40849). 熱帶; 44°N - 22°S, 98°W - 34°W (Ref. 54879)
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Massachusetts, USA to São Paulo, Brazil. Eastern Central Atlantic: St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121).
西大西洋: 對聖保羅巴西的美國麻薩諸塞州。 中東大西洋: 聖保羅岩礁.(參考文獻 13121)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 64.8, range 45 - 114 cm
Max length : 184 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9710); common length : 70.0 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 168); 最大体重: 45.0 kg (Ref. 168); 最大年龄: 26 年 (Ref. 128047)
背棘 (总数) : 12 - 18; 背的软条 (总数) : 15 - 18; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 16 - 20; 脊椎骨: 41 - 43. Interpelvic process small and bifid. Swim bladder absent. Lateral line abruptly curving downward below second dorsal fin. Intestine with 2 folds and 3 limbs. Adults have no black area on the anterior part of the first dorsal fin. Juveniles with bronze spots in 5 or 6 irregular rows. Body entirely covered with scales.
腹鳍间的突起小而两裂的。 泳鳔不存在。 侧线突然弯曲的向下在第二背鳍鳍之下。 肠道有 2 摺层与 3 肢翼。 成鱼有没有黑色的区域在第一背鳍上的较前端。 在 5 或 6 不规则的列中稚鱼有青铜色的斑点。 身体完全地覆盖着鳞片了。
Often found in outer reef areas. Larvae are encountered in surface waters of 26.3° to 31°C and 26.9 to 35 ppt. Feeds primarily on fishes with smaller quantities of penaeid shrimps and squids. Large schools have been found to migrate over considerable distances along the Atlantic US coast, water temperature permitting. It is an important species for recreational, commercial, and artisanal fisheries throughout its range. Most of the catch is processed into steaks or sold fresh, or sometimes canned and salted. Also prepared smoked and frozen (Ref. 9987). Potentially ciguatoxic in certain areas (Ref. 9710). Sometimes called "Kingfish" (Ref. 13442).
时常发现于外围礁石区域。 对 31 °C 与 26.9 到 35个 ppt 在 26.3个 ° 的水表面中仔鱼被见到。 主要吃鱼具有对虾与乌贼的较小的量。 大群鱼群曾经发现上移动相当多的距离沿着大西洋的美国海岸，水温允许。 它是一个重要的种为娱乐的，商业的, 与在它的分布范围各处的渔民。 大部分的捕捉被加工成牛排或者卖了生鲜地, 或有时装于罐头与盐腌的。 也烟熏保存与冷冻的.(参考文献 9987) 可能地在特定的区域中的有西加毒的.(参考文献 9710) 有时被称为 " Kingfish" 。 (参考文献 13442)
西大西洋: 對聖保羅巴西的美國麻薩諸塞州。 中東大西洋: 聖保羅岩礁.(參考文獻 13121)
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.5 - 28.1, mean 27.2 °C (based on 1034 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00713 - 0.01166), b=3.02 (2.98 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.1 (4.5 - 7.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 31
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.07-0.15; tm=2; tmax=14; Fec=70,000).
Prior r = 0.47, 95% CL = 0.31 - 0.71, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.3 [9.2, 71.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.707 [0.314, 1.640] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [19.4, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.238 [0.149, 0.393] g/100g; Selenium = 74.7 [27.2, 232.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.7 [4.4, 77.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.568 [0.380, 0.903] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
