Environment: milieu / climate zone / ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ ກ່ຽວກັນຫີນ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 1 - 80 m (Ref. 5217). Subtropical; 42°N - 35°S, 98°W - 28°W
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA, the northern Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas southward to Uruguay. Occurrence in western Caribbean is doubtful (Ref. 26938).
Length at first maturity / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ: Lm 12.9 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 7251); common length : 16.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 5217)
ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 10; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 12; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ
ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ
ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ
ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ
ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ
ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 3; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 7 - 8. Body pale brown dorsally with several vertical dark brown bars, becoming white ventrally; dorsal fin dusky with longitudinal yellow lines; pectoral, pelvic and anal fins dusky; caudal fin dusky with small yellow blotches (Ref. 13608). Preopercle has spines radiating from 2 centers (Ref. 26938).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Inhabits bays, coastal grassy areas and shallow banks. Solitary (Ref. 26340) and retreats into shelter when frightened (Ref. 9710). Neither opercular spine nor anterolateral glandular grooves with venom gland is present (Ref. 57406). Synchronously hermaphroditic. Popular as a pan fish despite its small size.
Life cycle and mating behavior
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ
Simultaenous hermaphrodite. The gonad contains ovarian and testicular tissue separated by a thin basement membrane, with no means of internal self-fertilization.
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ; ຊະນິດປາທີ່ຖືກນຳໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການຫາເພື່ອເປັນເກມກິລາ: ແມ່ນ
ເຄື່ອງມື
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
123201): 21.9 - 28, mean 25.2 °C (based on 542 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00747 - 0.01114), b=3.10 (3.05 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
120179): ສູງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງໜ້ອຍກວ່າ 15 ເດືອນ (K=0.29-1.5; tm=1.01).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 45.5 [21.2, 110.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.928 [0.416, 1.865] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.6, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.276 [0.136, 0.546] g/100g; Selenium = 21.5 [9.2, 50.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 46.5 [12.7, 213.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.712 [0.414, 1.183] mg/100g (wet weight);
