Issue
Type locality: southern Florida and Pensacola, Florida.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 25 - 183 m (Ref. 5222), usually 60 - 120 m (Ref. 5222). Subtropical; 36°N - 24°N, 98°W - 62°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Atlantic: Bermuda and the coast of the USA from North Carolina to the Florida Keys and in the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Reports from Cuba and the Bahamas are unsubstantiated.
Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5222); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 30.0 kg (Ref. 5222); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 45 Tahun (Ref. 93919)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 11; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 15 - 16; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 9.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Inhabits offshore rocky bottoms; most common between 60 and 120 m.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Acuan
123201): 17.7 - 25.2, mean 22.1 °C (based on 19 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00659 - 0.01911), b=3.04 (2.90 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 4.0 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (K=0.13; tmax=25).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33.9 [14.0, 78.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.783 [0.376, 1.829] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.8, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.292 [0.160, 0.530] g/100g; Selenium = 38.1 [17.9, 90.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.9 [4.7, 83.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.705 [0.451, 1.142] mg/100g (wet weight);