Environment: milieu / climate zone / profondeur / distribution range
Écologie
marin démersal; profondeur 30 - 525 m (Ref. 5222), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 5222). Subtropical; 41°N - 27°S, 98°W - 34°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Massachusetts, USA to southern Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean.
Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturité: Lm 54.0, range 47 - ? cm
Max length : 122 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 26340); common length : 60.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 5217); poids max. publié: 30.0 kg (Ref. 5222); âge max. reporté: 27 années (Ref. 3090)
Épines dorsales (Total) : 11; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 13 - 15; Épines anales: 3; Rayons mous anaux: 9. Distinguished by the following characteristics: Dark margin on spiny dorsal fin and dark saddle on caudal peduncle that extends below lateral line (Ref. 26938); juveniles with pale yellow caudal and pectoral fins; black saddle blotch on the caudal peduncle reaching below lateral line; depth of body contained 2.4-2.8 times in SL; head length 2.2-2.4 times in SL; convex interorbital area, width less than or subequal to eye diameter; enlarged serrae at angle of preopercle; distinctly convex upper edge of operculum; posterior nostrils 2-5 times larger than anterior nostrils (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Adults occur well offshore on rocky bottoms. Juveniles may be found inshore and are often reported from the northeastern coast of the U.S (Ref. 89707). Adults feed on fishes, gastropods, cephalopods, and brachyuran crustaceans (Ref. 5222). Valuable commercial food fish (Ref. 26938).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
The size (76.7-109 cm) and age (8-29 yr) of 97 male specimens and the capture of two specimens undergoing sex change provided conclusive
evidence that snowy grouper are protogynous hermaphrodites (Ref. 45886).
Craig, M.T. and P.A. Hastings, 2007. A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with revised classification of the epinephelini. Ichthyol. Res. 54:1-17. (Ref. 83414)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: commercial; pêche sportive: oui
Outils
Articles particuliers
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Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Réf.
123201): 14.8 - 23.7, mean 19.5 °C (based on 93 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Réf.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.01219 - 0.02060), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Réf.
69278): 4.0 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Résilience (Réf.
120179): Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (K=0.07-0.09; tmax=27).
Prior r = 0.17, 95% CL = 0.11 - 0.25, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (64 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.8 [15.4, 66.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.74 [0.39, 1.39] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.8, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.382 [0.237, 0.648] g/100g; Selenium = 49.2 [25.6, 92.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.2 [3.1, 31.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.511 [0.367, 0.752] mg/100g (wet weight);
