Environment: milieu / climate zone / ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ ກ່ຽວກັນຫີນ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 2 - 150 m (Ref. 5222), usually 2 - 35 m (Ref. 40849). Subtropical; 33°N - 28°S, 98°W - 28°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico, Bermuda, Caribbean (mainly insular localities), and Brazil.
ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 84.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 40637); common length : 40.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 5217); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 10.2 kg (Ref. 40637); ອາຍຸສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍລາຍງານມາ: 41 ປີ (Ref. 36872)
ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 11; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 16 - 18; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ
ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ
ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ
ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ
ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ
ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 3; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 10 - 12. Distinguished by the following characteristics: Tan to brown above, paler below; upper parts of head and most of body usually have small, brown, close-set spots; sometimes uniformly brown. Adults have exerted rays that are even and about equal in length; 23-27 total gill rakers (Ref. 26938); depth of body 3.0-3.4 times in SL; head length 2.8-3.0 times in SL; angular preopercle, enlarged serrae on prominent lobe at the angle and a distinct notch above the serrate lobe; greatly enlarged posterior nostrils in adults (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Found mainly on rocky or coral bottoms from the shoreline to at least 55 m depth; small and middle-sized individuals commonly occur in mangrove-lined lagoons. Feeds on fishes. Sex-reversal observed (Ref. 5521). More common in island waters than along the coast (Ref. 26938). The tricolored pattern of the juveniles mimics that of the juveniles of the clown wrasse, Halichoeres maculipinna. The aggressive mimic’s behavior includes folding down the median and caudal fins, which adds to its wrasse imitation and allows it to approach its otherwise wary prey (Ref. 43465). Marketed fresh; flesh is of good quality.
Life cycle and mating behavior
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ
Pelagic spawner (Ref. 32199).
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ; ຊະນິດປາທີ່ຖືກນຳໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການຫາເພື່ອເປັນເກມກິລາ: ແມ່ນ; ຕູ້ປາ: ບ່ອນວາງສະແດງສັນນ້ຳຂອງລັດ
ເຄື່ອງມື
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
123201): 23.3 - 28, mean 26.4 °C (based on 460 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00395 - 0.01056), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
69278): 4.5 ±0.8 se; based on diet studies.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
120179): ຕຳ່, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 4.5 - 14 ປີ (K=0.06; tmax=41).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 12.7 [7.2, 26.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.445 [0.222, 0.786] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [17.4, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.22 [0.13, 0.39] g/100g; Selenium = 20.6 [9.7, 42.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 86.4 [25.1, 331.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.542 [0.353, 0.817] mg/100g (wet weight);
