分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 15 - 200 m (Ref. 5222), usually 15 - 50 m (Ref. 2683). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 16°S, 20°W - 38°E (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Atlantic: Portugal to southern Angola; reports from islands require confirmation. Specimens from Madeira, Azores, Canary Islands, and Cape Verde have been examined by Heemstra (1991, Ref. 6512) and are identified to be Mycteroperca fusca. Replaced by Mycteroperca acutirostris in the western Atlantic.
東大西洋: 葡萄牙到安哥拉南部; 來自島的報告需要證實。 來自馬得拉群島，亞速群島，加納利群島與維德角的標本曾經被 Heemstra(1991, 參考文獻 6512) 調查而且被鑑定是 Mycteroperca fusca 。 在大西洋西部中被 Mycteroperca acutirostris 取代了。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 34.0, range 32 - 36 cm
Max length : 144 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 80.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2683); 最大体重: 49.7 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 15 - 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 11 - 12. Distinguished by the following characteristics: usually reddish brown, sometimes mottled with black or pale grey spots with black streak above maxilla; juveniles with black saddle blotch on peduncle; oblong body, compressed, depth contained 2.8-3.2 times in SL; head length 2.5-2.7 in SL; convex interorbital area; enlarged serrae at angle of preopercle, forming rounded lobe set off by the indentation immediately above; nostrils subequal in juveniles, posterior nostrils about twice that of anterior ones in adults (Ref. 89707).
Occurs over rocky and sandy bottoms; young individuals very common in mangrove-lined lagoons. Feeds on mollusks (presumably cephalopods) and small fishes (Ref. 89707). Marketed fresh.
生活在岩质与砂质底部之上; 幼鱼非常常见于红树林林列的泻湖。 吃软件动物 (可能头足类动物) 与小鱼。 在市场上销售生鲜地了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
東大西洋: 葡萄牙到安哥拉南部; 來自島的報告需要證實。 來自馬得拉群島，亞速群島，加納利群島與維德角的標本曾經被 Heemstra(1991, 參考文獻 6512) 調查而且被鑑定是 Mycteroperca fusca 。 在大西洋西部中被 Mycteroperca acutirostris 取代了。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.3 - 27.4, mean 19.4 °C (based on 296 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00693 - 0.01658), b=3.01 (2.89 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 10.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.6 [15.2, 67.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.82 [0.44, 1.54] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.6, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.208, 0.544] g/100g; Selenium = 40.9 [19.7, 83.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.4 [4.2, 49.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.474 [0.334, 0.700] mg/100g (wet weight);
