分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
麗魚科 (Cichlids) > Cichlasomatinae
Etymology: Hypsophrys: Greek, hypsi = high + Greek, ophrys = eyebrow (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Issue
Species monograph by López (1974), well illustrated. Kullander & Hartel (1997) discussed the nomenclature of Hypsophrys unimaculatus. Reviewed by Bussing (1998: 354), with key, diagnosis, geographical distribution, and figures.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性; pH range: 7.0 - 8.0; dH range: 9 - 20. 熱帶; 23°C - 36°C (Ref. 36880)
Central America: Atlantic slope, from the San Juan drainage, including Lake Nicaragua, in Costa Rica and Nicaragua, to the Matina River drainage in Costa Rica.
中美洲: 大西洋斜坡，從桑河胡安流域, 包括湖尼加拉瓜, 在哥斯大黎加與尼加拉瓜, 在哥斯大黎加的到 Matina 河流域。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 16.5 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 36377); 20.0 cm TL (female)
背棘 (总数) : 18 - 19; 背的软条 (总数) : 9 - 11; 臀棘: 7 - 8; 臀鳍软条: 7 - 9. This species can be distinguished by the dark line running through the middle of the body and the large black blotch positioned midlength; head profile extremely curved with the mouth on the lower part of the head; in males, the scales have dark edges producing a reticulated pattern, their fins with many dark spots, and a red edge to the dorsal fin; both males with iridescent, greenish-blue head and with gold to copper-colored bodies (Ref. 44091).
鉴别的特徵是穿过身体的中央的黑色线条，而且大的黑色斑块放置了身体中央; 头部轮廓在头部的下面部份上非常弯曲的有嘴巴; 在雄性中，鳞片有产生一个网状的图案的深色的边缘, 他们的鳍有许多深色的斑点 , 与背鳍的一个红色的边缘; 两者都雄性有彩虹色又蓝绿色的头部与和金色到铜-色彩的身体.(参考文献 44091)
Inhabit lakes and rivers with slow to moderate currents, between 5 to 200 m elevation (Ref. 36880). Juveniles feed on aquatic insects, while adults feed on bottom detritus, seeds and leaves. Also naturally feed on snails and other mollusks, but will accept a variety of food in captivity (Ref. 44091). Maximum length 25 cm TL (Ref. 2060).
在 5 到 200 公尺海拔之间, 栖息于湖与河水流缓慢到中等的地方。 (参考文献 36880) 稚鱼吃水生昆虫, 虽然成鱼吃底部碎屑，种子与树叶。 也自然地吃蜗牛与其他的软件动物, 但是将接受多种食物在繁殖场.(参考文献 44091) 最大的长度 25 公分TL.(参考文献 2060)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Deposits eggs in sand depressions. Produces about 200-400 non adhesive eggs with females practicing communal care during the post spawning period (an unusual behavior referred to as "creching", Ref. 44091). A group of 3 or 4 females stand guard over their combined spawns, encircling the expanded group and do not allow any intruders or predators into the rearing arena.中美洲: 大西洋斜坡，從桑河胡安流域, 包括湖尼加拉瓜, 在哥斯大黎加與尼加拉瓜, 在哥斯大黎加的到 Matina 河流域。
Kullander, S.O., 2003. Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377)
人类利用
渔业: 没有兴趣; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02042 (0.00927 - 0.04498), b=3.11 (2.92 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.7 ±0.34 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
