分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 亞熱帶的; 23°C - 26°C (Ref. 2060)
South America: Suriname and Amazon River basin (Ref. 36801). Reported from Argentina (Ref. 9086).
南美洲: 蘇利南與亞馬遜河流域。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 18.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 27188); 最大体重: 1.5 kg (Ref. 27188); 最大体重: 1.5 kg
背的软条 (总数) : 12; 臀鳍软条: 11. Scales in lateral line 35 + circumpeduncular 16; profile over orbits flat; teeth in the upper jaw 4 + 4, the cutting edges about transverse to axis of fish; three lateral spots or blotches still distinct: the first and largest below rayed dorsal fin, the small second spot less distinct and found above anterior base of anal fin, the third at caudal base.
在侧线 35+ circumpeduncular 16 中的鳞片; 在眼窝上的轮廓平坦的; 在上颌 4+4 中的齿, 刃口大约横跨的对鱼的轴; 三个侧面的斑点或斑块仍然明显的: 第一个与大的在有鳍条的背鳍之下, 小的第二个斑点比较不明显而且在尾部的基底发现上方前面的臀鳍基底鳍 , 第三个。
Adults occur in ponds (Ref. 11229). Very active during the rainy season, they gain the flooded zones where they are captured with nets. In dry season, they are confined to the deepest parts of the river where they are captured with fishing rods. Feed primarily on fruits, seeds and termites. The food is crushed by four strong teeth on each half-jaw. (Ref. 27188). Males are sexually mature at 1 yr, while females are mature at 2 years. Distinct pairs breed on densely grown weedy places (Ref. 205). Reproduction takes place from November to June, with a peak from December to March but mature individuals can be found year round. Females spawn around 100,000 to 200,000 eggs (Ref. 12225). The females grow slightly faster than the males; however this difference is clearly perceptible only after 4 years of age. Its excellent flesh makes it ideal for consumption in spite of its numerous bones (Ref. 27188).
出现于池塘。 (参考文献 11229) 非常活跃的在雨季的时候，它得到被水淹没的区域在哪里它被用网捕获。 在乾季时，它被局限于河的最深部份在哪里它被用钓鱼的竿捕获。 主要吃果实，种子与白蚁。 食物四点之前被粉碎强的牙齿在每个半颌。 (参考文献 27188). 雄性在 1 yr 性成熟, ，雌性是在 2 年时成熟。 繁殖发生从十一月到六月, 具有一个高峰从十二月到三月但是成熟的个体被发现于全年度。 雌性产卵大约 100,000 到 200,000个卵。 (参考文献 12225) 雌性比雄性更快速地长的稍微; 然而这不同只有在 4 岁之后清楚可察觉。 它的优良肉尽管它的很多硬骨使它适于食用。 (参考文献 27188)
Pairing is distinct during copulation (Ref. 205).南美洲: 蘇利南與亞馬遜河流域。
Garavello, J.C. and H.A. Britski, 2003. Anostomidae (Headstanders). p. 71-84. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36801)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 养殖: 实验的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.01001 - 0.01380), b=3.07 (3.03 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.47 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.29; tm=1-2; Fec=100,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
