分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 110 m (Ref. 6902), usually ? - 80 m (Ref. 50163). 亞熱帶的; 18°N - 27°S, 82°W - 33°W (Ref. 114953)
Western Atlantic: Caribbean to Brazil, and possibly further south to northern Argentina (Ref. 114953). Eastern Atlantic: tropical waters of West Africa.
西大西洋: 西印度群島到阿根廷北部。 東大西洋: 非洲西方部的熱帶水域。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 54.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 70.0 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 955.10 g (Ref. 118626)
Shorter nostrils, no enlarged tubercles on the tip of the snout. Olive gray, reddish brown or chocolate brown. Pale translucent area on either side of rostral ridges. Darker brown spots or blotches on sides. Lower surface pale yellowish, greyish or dusky white, tip of the snout with a more or less conspicuous sooty blotch (Ref. 6902).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
较短的鼻孔, 没有在吻尖上的增大的小瘤。 橄榄色灰色的，红褐色的或褐色。 在嘴脊的任一侧边上的苍白半透明的区域。 在侧边上的深褐色的斑点或斑块。 下表面灰白的淡黄色的，略灰色的或暗色的白色 , 吻尖具有一个约略显着的乌黑斑块。 (参考文献 6902)
Found on shallow, soft bottoms. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Flesh considered low quality (Ref. 5217). Traded as an aquarium fish at Ceará, Brazil (Ref. 49392).
栖息于浅滩，软质底部了。 卵胎生的.(参考文献 50449) 肉被认为是品质很低.(参考文献 5217) 在巴西的塞阿腊作为一个水族馆鱼交易了。 (参考文献 49392)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).西大西洋: 西印度群島到阿根廷北部。 東大西洋: 非洲西方部的熱帶水域。
Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992. Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
濒危 (EN) (A2cd); Date assessed: 05 July 2020
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (参考文献
123201): 19.2 - 28, mean 26.7 °C (based on 456 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00288 (0.00170 - 0.00489), b=3.09 (2.94 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec = 2-13).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (65 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 25.4 [5.0, 117.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.733 [0.188, 2.110] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.2, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.221 [0.099, 0.473] g/100g; Selenium = 25 [7, 69] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.74 [2.72, 21.32] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.582 [0.290, 1.051] mg/100g (wet weight);
