分類 / Names
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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dussumieriidae (Round herrings)
Eponymy: Dr Peter James Palmer Whitehead (1930–1992) was a British biologist (BMNH), scholar, historian, and artist as well as a clupeoid specialist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深さの範囲 / distribution range
生態学
海 pelagic-neritic; 深さの範囲 0 - 200 m (Ref. 5286). Subtropical; 23°S - 35°S, 12°E - 31°E
Southeastern Atlantic to Western Indian Ocean: southern Africa (Walvis Bay to Durban) to southern Angola.
サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
成熟: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 22.0 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 91762)
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 背鰭 (合計) : 18 - 20; 肛門の骨: 0; 臀鰭: 12 - 13; 脊つい: 50. Numerous branchiostegal rays (11 to 15); without pre-and post pelvic scutes; W-shaped pelvic scute; rectangular pre-maxillae; pelvic fins less advanced and the isthmus with lateral flanges or `shoulders' as compared to Dussumieria.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.
Mainly an inshore species. Often forms shoals together with pilchard (Ref. 27121). Feeds on larger types of zooplankton (Ref. 27121).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
DiBattista, J.D., J.E. Randall and B.W. Bowen, 2012. Review of the round herrings of the genus Etrumeus (Clupeidae: Dussumieriinae) of Africa, with descriptions of two new species. Cybium 36(3):447-460. (Ref. 91762)
IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Human uses
水産業: 高い商業の
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (参照
123201): 11.7 - 20.2, mean 15.6 °C (based on 31 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (参照
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00226 - 0.01060), b=3.08 (2.88 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (参照
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
回復力 (参照
120179): 高い, １５か月以下の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.7).
Prior r = 1.19, 95% CL = 0.79 - 1.79, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 187 [84, 329] mg/100g; Iron = 1.78 [0.90, 3.49] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [19.3, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.377 [0.153, 0.756] g/100g; Selenium = 31.3 [15.0, 69.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.2 [3.9, 45.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.983 [0.661, 1.511] mg/100g (wet weight);
![Image of Etrumeus whiteheadi (Whitehead\](/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Etwhi_u0.gif "Image of Etrumeus whiteheadi (Whitehead\")