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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335); alabamae: From the word alabamae, meaning from Alabama (Ref. 10294).
More on authors: Jordan & Evermann.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 pelagic-neritic; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243). 亞熱帶的; 44°N - 24°N, 96°W - 81°W
Western Central Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico (northern part, from the Mississippi delta eastward to the Choctawhatchee River in Florida; also in rivers from Iowa to Arkansas and across to West Virginia). Status of threat from Ref. 11858.
中西大西洋: 墨西哥灣 (北部, 從密西西比三角州向東至在佛羅里達的 Choctawhatchee 河; 也在從愛荷華州到阿肯色州的河中與橫過對西維吉尼亞). 處於生存受威脅的狀態從參考文獻 11858.
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 51.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188); common length : 42.5 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188); 最大年齡: 4 年 (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0. Body moderately compressed, belly with distinct keel of scutes. Lower jaw steeply rising within mouth; no teeth present at front of jaws; upper jaw with a distinct notch. The only other shad of the Gulf of Mexico has only 20 to 24 gill rakers. Closely resembles A. aestivalis and A. pseudoharengus of Atlantic coasts, but in them the lower jaw rises very steeply in the mouth (Ref. 188).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
身體中等側扁, 腹面有鱗甲的明顯龍骨脊。 下頜險峻地在嘴裡面升起; 沒有齒出現在顎的前面; 上頜有一個明顯的凹槽。 墨西哥灣的唯一其他非魚類只有 20 到 24個鰓耙。 非常近似大西洋海岸的 A. aestivalis 與 A. pseudoharengus ，但是在他們裡面下面的頜非常險峻地在嘴巴中上升。 (參考文獻 188)
Forms schools. Ascends rivers and streams to spawn in spring or early summer, the young presumably descending in autumn. Marketed mostly fresh.
形成魚群。 上溯到河川與溪流到產卵於春天或初夏中, 幼魚可能下降秋天時。 市場上大部份生鮮地銷售。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawns in freshwater in spring or early summer, ascending rivers and streams, the young presumably descending in autumn. 中西大西洋: 墨西哥灣 (北部, 從密西西比三角州向東至在佛羅里達的 Choctawhatchee 河; 也在從愛荷華州到阿肯色州的河中與橫過對西維吉尼亞). 處於生存受威脅的狀態從參考文獻 11858.
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
近危 (NT) (A2ac); Date assessed: 15 April 2020
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00330 - 0.01518), b=3.09 (2.92 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 2.7 ±0.28 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (45 of 100).
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