分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 大洋性. 亞熱帶的; 10°N - 35°S
South America: Argentina (Rio de la Plata down to Buenos Aires, Rio Paraná), Uruguay (Rio Uruguay), Brazil (Rio Tapajoz, Amazon as far up as Rio Jurua and down probably to mouth), the Guianas (Surinam, Guyana), Venezuela and Colombia (Orinoco from Rio Manacacias at Puerto Gaitan to Orinoco mouth). Reported from French Guiana (Ref. 27233).
南美洲: 阿根廷 (拉布拉塔河向下至布宜諾斯艾利斯, Rio Parana), 烏拉圭 (Rio 烏拉圭) 巴西 (Rio Tapajoz, 亞馬遜河向上遠達 Rio Jurua 與下來可能對嘴), 圭亞那 (蘇利南, 蓋亞那) ，委內瑞拉與哥倫比亞 (從在 Puerto Gaitan 的 Rio Manacacias 到奧里諾科河嘴的奧里諾科河). 記錄來自法屬圭亞那了。 (參考文獻 27233)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 73.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 38 - 46. Belly with 20 to 24 + 12 to 14, total 32 to 37 scutes. Lower jaw projecting; upper jaw with a toothed hypo-maxillary bone between hind tip of pre-maxilla and lower bulge of maxilla blade; lower gill rakers 23 to 31 (in fishes of 10 to 50 cm standard length, with the lower numbers in larger fishes). Pelvic fins with distinct axillary scale; anal fin origin under dorsal fin base.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
腹面有 20 到 24+12 到 14, 总数 32 到 37个鳞甲。 下颌突出的; 上颌有在前颚骨与颚骨叶片的低凸起的后部顶端之间的一个有齿的皮下注射-上颌骨的硬骨; 下鳃耙 23 到 31.(在 10 到 50 公分标准长度的鱼中, 在较大的鱼中有下面的数字) 腹鳍有明显的腋窝鳞片; 在背鳍基底下面的臀鳍起源。
Riverine, apparently not entering the sea, although presumably tolerating some salinity at river mouths. Not clearly distinguished from P. castelnaeana in the past, so that previous biological or fishery data may apply to either species. Flesh considered low quality (Ref. 5217). Seldom captured in the lower reaches of rivers (Ref. 27188).
河的, 显然地不进入海洋, 虽然可能在河口容忍一些盐度。 不清楚地与 P. castelnaeana 区分了在以前, 所以先前的生物或渔业的资料可能适用于任一种。 肉被认为是品质很低.(参考文献 5217) 很少在河的下面范围方面捕获。 (参考文献 27188)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
南美洲: 阿根廷 (拉布拉塔河向下至布宜諾斯艾利斯, Rio Parana), 烏拉圭 (Rio 烏拉圭) 巴西 (Rio Tapajoz, 亞馬遜河向上遠達 Rio Jurua 與下來可能對嘴), 圭亞那 (蘇利南, 蓋亞那) ，委內瑞拉與哥倫比亞 (從在 Puerto Gaitan 的 Rio Manacacias 到奧里諾科河嘴的奧里諾科河). 記錄來自法屬圭亞那了。 (參考文獻 27233)
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
人类利用
渔业: 自给性渔业
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00495 - 0.01335), b=3.02 (2.88 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
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