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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Engraulis: Greek, eggraulis, -eos = anchovy (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Hubbs & Marini.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
laut pelagic-neritic; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 30 - 200 m (Ref. 189). Subtropical; 21°S - 50°S, 67°W - 34°W (Ref. 54431)
Southwest Atlantic: north of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to San Jorge Gulf, Argentina.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm 9.2, range 8 - 10.2 cm
Max length : 17.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 189); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 25.00 g (Ref. 4883)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 15 - 16; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 17 - 21. Snout prominent, pointed, about 3/4 eye diameter; maxilla moderate, tip bluntly tapering or a little rounded, reaching to front margin of pre-operculum, extending a little beyond tip of second supra-maxilla; teeth in jaws numerous, small. Lower gill rakers long and slender; no gill rakers on hind face of third epibranchial; pseudobranch long, reaching onto inner face of operculum (Ref.189). Blackish blue dorsally, silvery white laterally and ventrally. All fins transparent (Ref. 27363).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: oval.
Occurs in coastal waters to about 800 km or more from the shore, forming dense schools at about 30 to 90 m depth in summer, but down to 100 to 200 m during winter. Feeds as juveniles on zooplankton, but with phytoplankton becoming increasingly important. Spawns throughout the year, most intensely and close to shore in October or November and again in May or June but less intensely and more offshore. Exhibits north-south and near shore-offshore migrations. During winter as the most favorable feeding period for larvae which occurs in the continental shelf in the extreme south of Brazil (Ref. 53892). Consumed fresh or canned (Ref. 4931).Typical size 7-13 cm SL (Ref. 47377).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: bernilai komersial tinggi
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Acuan
123201): 4.6 - 18.7, mean 8.2 °C (based on 187 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00372 - 0.00644), b=3.13 (3.09 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 2.5 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.2-0.3).
Prior r = 0.56, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.84, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (12 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 188 [80, 437] mg/100g; Iron = 1.24 [0.60, 3.01] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.9, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.767 [0.458, 1.328] g/100g; Selenium = 16.7 [7.4, 37.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20 [4, 91] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.34 [0.85, 2.09] mg/100g (wet weight);
