Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 30 - 358 m (Ref. 130591), usually 30 - 50 m (Ref. 27115). Subtropical; 16°C - 22°C (Ref. 27115); 43°N - 22°S, 35°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean and Portugal to Angola, including the Azores. Range reported to extend south to northern Namibia (Ref. 27121).
Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 27.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 3397); common length : 15.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 3397)
Lives amongst rocks, gravel, coral (Ref. 2683) and in submarine caves on the continental shelf and upper slope. Nocturnal. Adults feed on crustaceans and small fishes. Protogynous.
Protogyny is unconfirmed for this species (Ref. 103751).
Tortonese, E., 1986. Serranidae. p. 780-792. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 5506)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya; Akuarium: Komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Acuan
123201): 14.4 - 24.9, mean 18.3 °C (based on 72 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00513 - 0.02236), b=2.93 (2.75 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 3.8 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
🛈
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
🛈
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.9 [14.3, 73.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.549 [0.275, 0.994] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.292 [0.167, 0.491] g/100g; Selenium = 19.2 [8.9, 36.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 73.2 [22.6, 273.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.781 [0.499, 1.213] mg/100g (wet weight);
