分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers) > Monotaxinae
Etymology: Gymnocranius: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, kranion = skull (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 20 - 170 m (Ref. 12260). 热带; 35°N - 28°S, 32°E - 134°W
Indo-Pacific: East Africa to southeastern Oceania and from Australia northward to Japan. This species has been referred to as Gymnocranius robinsoni in recent literature.
印度-太平洋: 东非到大洋洲东南方而且从澳洲向北至日本。 这种已经在最近的文献中被归属于 纹颊裸顶鲷〔Gymnocranius robinsoni〕 。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2295); common length : 64.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 37816); 最大体重: 5.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数) : 10; 背的软条 (总数) : 10; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 10.
在吻部上的水平的蓝色线是特殊的。 (参考文献 37816,48635) 前额轮廓一般陡峭。 大的成鱼在眼的前端上的后颈与一个骨架上发育一个骨脊。 胸鳍叶腋的内面没有鳞片。 整体的色彩是银色的有细的褐色鳞片边缘。 前半部的头部时常褐色的有一系列的狭窄波动, 在颊部与吻部的侧边上的纵向线。 鳍是黄色或橘色的; 尾鳍时常暗褐色; 横过胸鳍基底鳍的一条狭窄的褐色横带。 在大约 25 公分 SL 下面的稚鱼时常 5 或 6条深色的横带侧边上与一个深色的横带眼睛下面。
Inhabits offshore reefs (Ref. 9710), trawling grounds of the continental shelves and offshore rocky bottoms (Ref. 30573). Juveniles inshore on muddy substrates (Ref. 48635). Solitary or in small groups (Ref. 90102). Feeds mostly on bottom invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 30573). Potential commercial fish if sufficient stocks can be located (Ref. 9775). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9775); sometimes with a strong and unpleasant flavor (Ref. 11888).
栖息于外海礁石 (参考文献 9710) ，大陆架与外海岩石底部的拖网渔场。 (参考文献 30573) 稚鱼在沿海地区的泥质底部。 (参考文献 48635) 大部份捕食底栖无脊椎动物与小鱼。 (参考文献 30573) 可能的商业鱼如果充份的分枝能被设置.(参考文献 9775) 在市场上销售生鲜地了;(参考文献 9775) 有时有一种强而不愉快的滋味。 (参考文献 11888)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
印度-太平洋: 东非到大洋洲东南方而且从澳洲向北至日本。 这种已经在最近的文献中被归属于 纹颊裸顶鲷〔Gymnocranius robinsoni〕 。
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.6 - 28.3, mean 26.8 °C (based on 971 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02042 (0.01172 - 0.03557), b=2.88 (2.73 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.23).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 24.1 [12.4, 44.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.444 [0.237, 0.745] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [17.7, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.133 [0.079, 0.191] g/100g; Selenium = 49.7 [31.1, 84.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 47.9 [15.7, 134.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.876 [0.633, 1.196] mg/100g (wet weight);
