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> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers) > Lethrininae
Etymology: Lethrinus: Greek, lethrinia, a fish pertaining to genus Pagellus.
More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); μη μεταναστευτικό(ά); εύρος βάθους 10 - 200 m (Ref. 2295). Tropical; 32°N - 23°S, 32°E - 160°E

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Indo-West Pacific: widespread, including the Red Sea, Arabian (Persian) Gulf, East Africa to Sri Lanka, to the Ryukyu Islands and Papua New Guinea. Also recorded from Micronesia (Ref. 3807) and French Polynesia (Ref. 4517) but these are probably misidentifications of Lethrinus olivaceus.

Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: L_m 29.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 48635); common length : 40.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 2295); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 4.9 kg (Ref. 40637)

Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 10; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 9; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 8. The snout is moderately long, its dorsal profile slightly concave. Body color is bluish gray or brown often with scattered irregular dark blotches on sides; sometimes three dark streaks radiate forward from the eye. The fins are pale or orangish.

Found over sandy areas near coral reefs (Ref. 30573). Feeds on fish, crustaceans, cephalopods, and polychaetes. Swims in small schools sometimes together with L. olivaceous. Utilized as a food fish. Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 9773.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής | Συνεργάτες

Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 March 2015

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 31637)

Human uses

αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά)

FAO - αλιεία: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Η θάλασσα γύρω μας

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Διαδικτυακές πηγές

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1954 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00766 - 0.01802), b=2.97 (2.85 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.51 se; based on food items.

Generation time: 5.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.

Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.20).

Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (89 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 30.8 [21.6, 41.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.726 [0.499, 0.997] mg/100g; Protein = 20.3 [17.7, 22.4] %; Omega3 = 0.124 [0.092, 0.165] g/100g; Selenium = 51 [27, 76] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.1 [5.6, 129.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.81 [1.40, 2.24] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

Lethrinus microdon Valenciennes, 1830