分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays)
鰩目 (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
鰩科 (Skates)
Eponymy: Gilbert Percy Whitley (1903–1975) was a British-born Australian ichthyologist and malacologist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 170 m (Ref. 6871). 亞熱帶的; 32°S - 44°S, 115°E - 153°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Indian Ocean: endemic to southern Australia.
東印度洋: 澳洲的特有種。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 114953)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Dorsal surface greyish or greyish brown with irregularly spaced white flecks, ventral surface cream or white, occasionally with greyish areas. Disc quadrangular, broader than long. Snout of moderate length, broadly rounded and knob-like at snout tip. Tail short, very depressed, broad; lateral skin folds prominent. A row of 1-5 thorns on nuchal and shoulder region, orbital and malar thorns absent. Alar thorns retractable. Tail with 1-3 rows of thorns, outer rows located near lateral margin.
Body shape (shape guide): other.
背面略灰色或灰褐色的有不規則的空間白色的斑紋, 腹面乳黃色或者白色的, 偶然地有灰色的區域。 體盤四邊形的, 寬度大於長度。 中等長度的吻, 寬廣地圓的與像癤瘤一樣的在吻頂端。 尾部短, 非常扁平的, 寬的; 側皮褶突出的。 在頸背與肩部上的一排 1-5 刺, 眼窩的與頰刺不存在。 翼的刺可縮回的。 尾部有 1-3 列的刺 , 位於側面的邊緣附近的外部列。
Most abundant in shallow water near shore (Ref. 6871). Found over soft bottom (Ref. 7300, 75154). Recorded to be found at 345 m depth (Ref. 114953). Diet mainly consists of crabs, octopuses and small bony fishes (Ref. 114953). Oviparous (Ref. 50449). Males reaches maturity at ca. 127 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Eggs have horn-like projections on the shell (Ref. 205). Egg cases ca. 22 cm long, hatch size at ca. 20 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Thorny tail can inflict a minor injury (Ref. 6871).
最豐富在近岸淺水區.(參考文獻 6871) 發現在軟質底部上了。 (參考文獻 7300) 卵生的.(參考文獻 50449) 卵在貝殼上有像觸角一樣的突出。 (參考文獻 205) 多刺的尾部能施放一個不嚴重的傷害。 (參考文獻 6871)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449).東印度洋: 澳洲的特有種。
Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (參考文獻
123201): 14 - 18.2, mean 16.3 °C (based on 139 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00141 - 0.00645), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 4.0 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
🛈
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 6.63 [1.27, 32.23] mg/100g; Iron = 0.262 [0.068, 0.736] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [14.6, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.728 [0.235, 2.708] g/100g; Selenium = 13.4 [3.9, 43.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.1 [3.3, 32.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.335 [0.162, 0.594] mg/100g (wet weight);
