分類 / 名稱
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays)
鰩目 (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
鰩科 (Skates)
Etymology: Dipturus: Greek, di = two + Greek, pteryx = fin (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Mitchill.
環境: 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 750 m (Ref. 55276), usually 0 - 150 m (Ref. 55276). 溫帶; 0°C - 20°C; 51°N - 33°N, 84°W - 42°W (Ref. 55276)
Western Atlantic: Grand Bank and southern Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada to North Carolina, USA. Threatened with extinction by intensive trawling (Ref. 27438).
西大西洋: 在加拿大到美國北卡羅萊那州的大瀨灘與聖勞倫斯灣南部。 密集的拖網使它面臨滅絕的威脅.(參考文獻 27438)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 163 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 114953); 最大體重: 18.0 kg (Ref. 7251)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Disk broad, with sharply angled corners and a pointed snout; front edges concave. No middorsal spines on disk. Tail with 3 rows of spine (1 middorsal row and 1 row on each side). Dorsal fins close together (Ref. 7251). Upper surface brownish, with many scattered small dark spots. Mucous pores on nuchal region. Lower surface white, blotched irregularly with gray (Ref. 6902).
Body shape (shape guide): other.
圓盤寬的, 具有銳利的稜角與尖的吻; 前緣凹曲。 沒有在圓盤上的背面中央的棘。 尾部有 3 列的棘。 (1 背面中央的列與 1 列在兩邊上) 背鰭靠攏在一起。 (參考文獻 7251) 上表皮褐色的, 有許多分散的小深色的斑點。 在頸背的區域上的黏液孔。 下表面白色, 有不規則的灰色斑點.(參考文獻 6902)
Occur from water's edge to 430 m depth; absent from shoal waters in south during warm months (Ref. 7251). Found in salinities that range from 35 along the continental edge to 31.5 inshore along the open coast and as low as 21-24 (Ref. 6902). Live on all kinds of bottom (Ref. 205). Benthic (Ref. 5951). Feed on bivalve mollusks, squids, rock crabs, lobsters, shrimps, worms and fishes. Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited during summer (with 6-month development) in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205, Ref. 114953). Egg capsules are 7.1-13.2 cm long and 4.6-7.4 cm wide (Ref. 41250). Males reaches maturity at ca. 100 cm TL, females at 96-105 cm TL; hatch size at 18-19 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Little use is made of the small quantities that are caught. In some cases, they are made into fish meal.
出現自對 430 公尺深的水的邊緣; 在溫暖的個月期間在南方中淺的水域沒有出現。 (參考文獻 7251) 發現於鹽度範圍.從 35 沿著大陸邊緣到 , 31.5個沿海地區沿著開放的海岸與更低到 21-24.(參考文獻 6902) 生活在各種的底部上。 (參考文獻 205) 底棲的.(參考文獻 5951) 捕食雙殼貝軟體動物,烏賊,岩石螃蟹,龍蝦,蝦,蠕蟲與魚。 卵生的。 明顯的成對出現。 幼魚可能傾向跟隨大的個體, 例如他們的母親.(參考文獻 205) 卵為長方形鞘囊具有僵硬的觸角沈積在沙灘或泥灘的角落.(參考文獻 205) 卵鞘是 7.1-13.2 公分長與 4.6-7.4 公分寬的.(參考文獻 41250) 小的使用是用小量做成的那是捕捉。 在一些情況,他們被製成魚粉。
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 在加拿大到美國北卡羅萊那州的大瀨灘與聖勞倫斯灣南部。 密集的拖網使它面臨滅絕的威脅.(參考文獻 27438)
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 June 2019
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣; 游釣魚種: 是的
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基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 0.9 - 13.9, mean 7.3 °C (based on 497 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00219 (0.00131 - 0.00366), b=3.22 (3.08 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 11.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
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氣候脆弱性 (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 4.1 [0.6, 75.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.259 [0.025, 3.160] mg/100g; Protein = 15.8 [13.7, 17.8] %; Omega3 = 0.68 [0.28, 1.65] g/100g; Selenium = 19 [4, 97] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.44 [0.42, 65.10] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.287 [0.020, 3.199] mg/100g (wet weight);