klasifikasi / Names Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes(Marga, Jenis) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Ikan bertulang rawan (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Malacoraja: Greek, malakos = soft + Latin, raja, -ae = ray, fis (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Garman.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

laut; payau batidemersal; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 25 - 1436 m (Ref. 106604). Deep-water; 54°N - 40°N, 74°W - 52°W

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: Banks off Newfoundland and southern Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada to New Jersey, USA. Caught frequently in the river part of St. Lawrence estuary and nearby points in Quebec, Canada (Ref. 4926).

Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 71.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 106604)

deskripsi pendek Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik

Spines are larger toward front and disappear with age on rear parts of tail. Few scapular spines. Group of spines in front of and around each eye. Adults have 1 middorsal row of many small spines, 1 row of small spines on each side, middorsal row of spines extend forward on disk to area behind eyes. Young have 2 pale crossbars on tail, each outlined by a dark blotch or band. Snout pointed (Ref. 7251). Upper surface pale brown with numerous obscure darker spots, irregular pale markings. Lower surface plain white with few small dusky spots (Ref. 6902).

Inhabits soft mud and clay bottoms of the deeper troughs and basins, sands and shells, gravel and pebbles of the offshore fishing banks (Ref. 6902). Benthic (Ref. 5951). Salinity ranges from 32.6 to 35.4 (Ref. 6902). This species is confined to deep water. No occurrence has been found in less than 8 m of water. Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 5.0-5.9 cm long and 3.8-4.5 cm wide (Ref. 41249, 41306, 41301). Caught too sparingly to have any commercial importance (Ref. 27314).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator : McEachran, John | mitra

McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)

Rentan, lihat daftar merah IUCN (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 20 June 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

Harmless

penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: tidak ada kepentingan

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

informasi lanjut

Trophic ecology
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Ecology
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Sumber internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 0.6 - 7.6, mean 4.1 °C (based on 186 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00240 (0.00149 - 0.00387), b=3.19 (3.06 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.

Daya lenting (Ref. 120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Fec assumed to be <100).

Prior r = 0.09, 95% CL = 0.06 - 0.13, Based on 1 full stock assessment.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 9.5 [1.4, 50.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.337 [0.071, 1.045] mg/100g; Protein = 16.7 [13.9, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.613 [0.180, 2.396] g/100g; Selenium = 11.7 [2.8, 39.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.68 [2.07, 45.52] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.452 [0.222, 0.862] mg/100g (wet weight);

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