分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers)
笛鯛科 (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Forster.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 80 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 20°C - 28°C; 34°N - 34°S, 28°E - 134°W (Ref. 55)
Indo-Pacific: East Africa to the Marquesas and Line islands, north to southern Japan, south to Australia (Ref. 9821). Records from the Red Sea and Persian Gulf are outside distributional range (Ref. 114545).
印度-太平洋: 東非到馬可薩斯島與列島群島, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 20.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573); 最大年齡: 34 年 (Ref. 107771)
背棘 (總數) : 10; 背的軟條 (總數) : 14; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body with greatest depth 2.3-2.8 in SL; preopercular notch and knob well developed; vomerine tooth patch crescentic, without a medial posterior extension; tongue smooth, without teeth; gill rakers of first gill arch 6-7 + 10-14 = 16-20 (including rudiments); caudal fin slightly emarginate; scale rows on back rising obliquely above lateral line. Colour of back and sides tan, grey to brownish, sides usually with a series of narrow yellow of golden-brown stripes, 1 per scale rows, caudal fin blackish, dorsal and caudal fins with a narrow white border; pectoral, pelvic and anal fins yellowish, and a broad yellow rim around posterior eye (Ref. 9821, 90102).
頭部的背面輪廓非常陡峭。 眶前骨大約寬度相等到眼睛直徑。 前鰓蓋骨凹槽與癤瘤發展良好的。 鱗片列背面斜向上升在側線上面。 通常黃褐色或褐色的到白黃色的-白色。 鱗片有褐色的到黃色的邊緣。 尾鰭與背鰭是黑色的有狹窄的白色邊緣; 肛門的胸鰭與腹鰭是黃色的。 有斑紋的幼年時.(參考文獻 48635)
Adults inhabit lagoon and semi-protected seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). They prefer sheltered areas with deep holes or large boulders (Ref. 37816). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Solitary or in loose aggregations (Ref. 90102). Juveniles sometimes found in shallow mangrove swamps and the lower parts of freshwater streams. Adults feed at night on fishes, shrimps, crabs, holothurians and cephalopods (Ref. 30573). Commonly seen in markets, usually fresh. Caught with handlines, traps, and gill nets. This fish sometimes causes ciguatera poisoning, particularly in the Pacific portion of its range (Ref. 9821). Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 9773.
棲息於潟湖與半遮蔽的臨海礁石。 (參考文獻 9710) 用深潭或大圓石偏愛掩蔽的區域。 (參考文獻 37816) 稚魚有時發現於淡水溪流的水淺紅樹林沼澤與下面部份了。 晚上捕食魚，蝦，螃蟹，海參與頭足類動物。 (參考文獻 30573)
印度-太平洋: 東非到馬可薩斯島與列島群島, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲。
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.6 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 1452 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.01319 - 0.01737), b=2.97 (2.94 - 3.00), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 40.1 [27.1, 56.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.352 [0.232, 0.560] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.2, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.147 [0.108, 0.203] g/100g; Selenium = 59.4 [38.6, 95.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 127 [24, 445] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.576 [0.459, 0.786] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
