Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق ? - 100 m (Ref. 5217). Tropical; 37°N - 6°S
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to northern Brazil.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 180 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5217); common length : 150 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5217)
Found on soft bottoms.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23 - 28, mean 25.8 °C (based on 402 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00089 (0.00039 - 0.00204), b=3.00 (2.80 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
