Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin démersal. Subtropical; 37°N - 25°N
Western Atlantic: North Carolina to northeastern Florida in USA and northeastern Gulf of Mexico.
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 51.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 7251)
Vertèbres: 135 - 142. Brown or black head with white markings; uniformly dark brown to black body and tail; white dorsal fin. No anal fin. Anterior nostril hole without raised rim. Suborbital pores 4; linear when viewed from the top (Ref. 27478).
Commonly found on scallop grounds.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larves
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Outils
Articles particuliers
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Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00089 (0.00039 - 0.00204), b=3.00 (2.80 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Haut, temps minimum de doublement de population inférieur à 15 mois (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).