分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Laviniinae
Etymology: Ptychocheilus: Greek, ptyx, ptychos = fold + Greek, cheilos = lip (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ayres.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的. 溫帶; 39°N - 35°N
North America: Sacramento-San Joaquin, Pajaro-Salinas, Russian, and Clear Lake drainages in California, USA. Introduced elsewhere in California, including Eel River and tributaries to Morro Bay.
北美洲: 薩克拉門托河-在美國加州的聖約昆河， Pajaro-Salinas 河, 俄羅斯河, 澄清湖與皮特河流域上游。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 140 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年龄: 9 年 (Ref. 72486)
臀鳍软条: 8. Dorsal fin usually with 8 rays; anal fin with 8 rays; 38-44 scales on back from head to dorsal fin; 65-78, usually 67-75, scales on lateral line; and 12-15 scales above lateral line (Ref. 86798).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Inhabits rocky and sandy pools and runs of small to large rivers. Usually found in clear, warm streams (Ref. 5723). Voracious minnow with pike-like habits. Small pikeminnows (less than or equal to 7 cm SL) are found in shallow water with cover and lower velocities. The microhabitat use of these juveniles is controlled by the presence of large pikeminnows which connotes intraspecific predation. The microhabitat shift is observed to be significantly influenced by the presence rather than the number of large pikeminnows in the area (Ref. 55069).
栖息于小型到大型河川的多岩石多沙的水潭与小支流。 常见于清澈又温暖的溪流。 具有像矛一样的习惯狼吞虎咽的条鱼类.(参考文献 5723) 小的 pikeminnows(少于或等于 7 公分 SL) 以表面与低的速度被发现于浅水区。 这些稚鱼的小环境使用被控制藉由有含言外之意种内的掠食的大的 pikeminnows。 小环境变化被观察重要地被影响藉由出现而不是在区域中的大 pikeminnows 的数字.(参考文献 55069)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
北美洲: 薩克拉門托河-在美國加州的聖約昆河， Pajaro-Salinas 河, 俄羅斯河, 澄清湖與皮特河流域上游。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 诱饵: usually
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 2.0 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).
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