分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods)
鱈形目 (Cods) >
Lotidae (Hakes and burbots)
江鱈科 (Hakes and burbots)
Etymology: More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 100 - 1000 m (Ref. 35388), usually 100 - 400 m (Ref. 35388). 溫帶; 75°N - 35°N, 55°W - 44°E (Ref. 54595)
Northwest Atlantic: off southern Greenland and Canada. Northeast Atlantic: Barents Sea and Iceland to Morocco. Mediterranean Sea: northwestern Mediterranean only.
西北大西洋: 外海的格陵蘭南部與加拿大。 東北大西洋: 巴倫支海與冰島到摩洛哥。 地中海: 只有的在西北部的地中海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 92.5, range 90 - 100 cm
Max length : 200 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length : 106 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大體重: 45.0 kg (Ref. 35388); 最大年齡: 25 年 (Ref. 35388)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 75 - 83; 臀鰭軟條: 58 - 64; 脊椎骨: 63 - 65. Upper jaw projecting beyond lower one. Color is reddish brown dorsally, grading to white ventrally. The posterior areas of the vertical fins dark with pale margins. The sides distinctly marbled (Ref. 232). Barbel is present in the chin, longer than the diameter of the eye. Black spot in the rear end of the first dorsal fin. Caudal peduncle stout compared to blue ling (Ref. 35388).
上頜突出的超過低的。 色彩是紅褐色的背面, 漸層色到腹側白色的。 垂直的鰭的後面的區域深色且有灰白的邊緣。 側邊明顯地有大理石花紋。 (參考文獻 232) 觸鬚是出現在下巴，長度超過眼的直徑。 在第一背鰭的後端中的黑色斑點。 尾柄矮胖的相較於藍色的鱈.(參考文獻 35388)
Occurs mainly on rocky bottoms in fairly deep water (Ref. 9988). Found more commonly from 100 to 400 m. Feeds on fish (cod, herring, flatfish), lobsters, cephalopods and starfishes. Principal spawning areas are Biscay, slopes west of the British Isles and off the Faeroes and southern Iceland (Ref. 35388). Marketed fresh, dried or salted and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
在相當深的水主要生存在岩石底部。 (參考文獻 9988) 從 100 到 400 公尺更通常發現。 吃魚 (鱈魚，鯡魚比目魚) ，龍蝦，頭足類動物與海星。 在市場上銷售新鮮的, 乾燥或鹽醃與冷凍了; 清蒸, 油炸, 火烤了而且燒烤了.(參考文獻 9988) 主要的產卵區是 Biscay 斜坡位於不列顛群島西方與外海的法羅群島與冰島南部。 (參考文獻 35388)
Major spawning grounds are located at 200 m depth from the Bay of Biscay to the Gulf of Norway at 100 to 300 m off southern Iceland, and at 50 to 300 m in the Mediterranean Sea. Fecundity may reach 20 to 60 million eggs per female (Ref. 1371). 西北大西洋: 外海的格陵蘭南部與加拿大。 東北大西洋: 巴倫支海與冰島到摩洛哥。 地中海: 只有的在西北部的地中海。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.6 - 11.3, mean 7.7 °C (based on 438 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00241 - 0.00628), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.12; tm=5-6; tmax=25; Fec=60 million).
Prior r = 0.55, 95% CL = 0.36 - 0.82, Based on 9 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (77 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 15.2 [7.4, 33.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.278 [0.140, 0.600] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.368 [0.197, 0.685] g/100g; Selenium = 32.5 [16.9, 66.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.35 [2.10, 31.25] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.28 [0.18, 0.44] mg/100g (wet weight);
