分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs)
鱸形目 (Perchs) >
Percidae (Perches)
鱸科 (Perches) > Etheostomatinae
Etymology: Etheostoma: Greek, etheo = to strain + Greek, stoma = mouth; Rafinesque said "various mouths", but Jordan and Evermann suggest the name might have been intended as "Heterostoma (Ref. 45335); fonticola: From the Greek etheo=to strain and stoma=mouth; fonticola=fountain dweller (Ref. 79012).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性. 亞熱帶的; 31°N - 29°N
North America: found only in San Marcos and Comal springs and their effluent rivers (Guadalupe River system) in southern central Texas, USA.
北美洲: 發現在南方的中央美國德州中只在桑河 Marcos 與 Comal 中泉水與其溢流河 (哥德洛普島河流域)。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 4.3 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 2.9 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 6 - 8; 背的軟條 (總數) : 10 - 13; 臀棘: 1; 臀鰭軟條: 5 - 8; 脊椎骨: 32 - 33.
Occur in vegetated springs, pools and runs of effluent rivers (Ref. 5723). Feed primarily on cladocerans, copepods, amphipods, and aquatic insects (Ref. 54633). Spawn throughout the year (Ref. 75081) at 33-day interval (Ref. 31966). Eggs are found attached to the substrate unguarded (Ref. 7043).
出現於長滿植物的泉水，流出河的水潭與急流。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Eggs are found attached to the substrate unguarded (Ref. 7043).北美洲: 發現在南方的中央美國德州中只在桑河 Marcos 與 Comal 中泉水與其溢流河 (哥德洛普島河流域)。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
瀕危 (EN) (B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v)); Date assessed: 12 December 2011
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00235 - 0.01227), b=3.14 (2.94 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec=760).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
