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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Atractoscion: Greek, atraktos, arrow + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ayres.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 0 - 122 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical; 65°N - 22°N
Eastern Pacific: Alaska to southern Baja California, Mexico and the Gulf of California.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 166 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 40637); common length : 100.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9118); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 41.0 kg (Ref. 2850); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 20 έτη (Ref. 56049)
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 10 - 11; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 20 - 23; Εδρικές άκανθες: 2; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 8 - 9; Σπόνδυλοι: 24. Pelvic fins with fleshy appendage at base.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Often in schools over rocky bottom and in kelp beds (Ref. 2850). Also found in the surf zone (Ref. 2850). Young in bays and along sandy beaches (Ref. 2850). Feed on fishes, squids, and crayfish (Ref. 6885). Pelagic spawners (Ref. 56049). Excellent food fish (Ref. 9118).
Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: περιορισμένης εμπορικότητας; αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Αναφ.
123201): 9 - 22.9, mean 12.8 °C (based on 76 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Αναφ.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00422 - 0.01564), b=3.07 (2.91 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Αναφ.
69278): 4.3 ±0.70 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 8.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Αναφ.
120179): Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (K=0.13; tm=4; tmax=20).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
🛈
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.4 [18.9, 68.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.84 [0.43, 1.49] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [18.7, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.289 [0.167, 0.463] g/100g; Selenium = 38 [18, 79] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.2 [3.3, 39.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.43 [0.31, 0.64] mg/100g (wet weight);
