Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθοπελαγικό; εύρος βάθους 150 - 400 m (Ref. 6181). Tropical; 37°N - 37°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 6181)
Atlantic Ocean: Walvis Ridge, off Puerto Rico and Uruguay. Indian Ocean: off western Australia. Pacific Ocean: off New Guinea, southern Japan, Midway Island, California, Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridge.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 250 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9351); common length : 200 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9351)
Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 116 - 123; Εδρικές άκανθες: 2; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 74 - 87; Σπόνδυλοι: 125 - 129. Body very elongate and compressed. Head profile straight or scarcely convex, with sagittal crest strongly elevated. Both jaws have a short dermal process; the lower jaw longer than the upper jaw. The dorsal fin has a few weak anterior spines that hardly differ from the soft rays. Body color silvery, dorsal fin membrane black before the third to the fourth soft ray.
Probably benthopelagic from 150 to 400 m, juveniles epipelagic or mesopelagic. Feeds on fishes (including Engraulis mordax and Merluccius productus off California) and squids. Occasionally hooked, captured in nets, or found washed ashore. No special fishery.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: παραδοσιακή αλιεία
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10 - 20.6, mean 14.7 °C (based on 279 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00054 (0.00022 - 0.00132), b=3.13 (2.93 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.69 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 38.5 [17.7, 76.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.632 [0.313, 1.202] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.1, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.147 [0.071, 0.331] g/100g; Selenium = 142 [65, 340] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15 [4, 53] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.578 [0.385, 0.925] mg/100g (wet weight);
