Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien demersaal; diepte 49 - 201 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical; 48°N - 27°N, 125°W - 113°W
Eastern Pacific: Copalis Head in Washington, USA to central Baja California, Mexico.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 28.0, range 25 - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 2850); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 1.0 kg (Ref. 40637); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 33 Jaren (Ref. 39277)
Commonly found on soft bottom (Ref. 2850). Viviparous (Ref. 34817).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.5 - 11.2, mean 9.7 °C (based on 13 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00499 - 0.02004), b=3.09 (2.92 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 8.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (tmax=33; tm=6;).
Prior r = 0.20, 95% CL = 0.13 - 0.30, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (57 of 100).