分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 非迁移的 (Ref. 94474); 深度上下限 10 - ? m (Ref. 9988). 亞熱帶的; 42°N - 15°N, 83°W - 70°W (Ref. 94474)
Western Atlantic: New York to southern Florida in USA and the entire Gulf of Mexico. Northeastern Atlantic: recently reported from Guadalquivir River estuary in Spain (Ref. 94474).
西大西洋: 紐約到美國佛羅里達南部與整個的墨西哥灣。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 26.8, range 25 - 35 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 36.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大体重: 7.9 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 18 年 (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (总数) : 9 - 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 25 - 28; 臀棘: 2; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 11. Body silvery, dark grey on back with bluish reflections and numerous round black spots irregularly scattered on upper half, extending to dorsal and caudal fin. Spinous dorsal fin dusky, other fins pale to yellowish. Mouth large, oblique lower jaw projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-like teeth at tip. Lower jaw with an enlarged inner row of teeth, uniform in size and closely set. Chin without barbels or pores. Snout with 2 marginal pores. Gas bladder with a pair of nearly straight horn-like appendages. Soft portion of dorsal fin unscaled (Ref 51721).
身体银色的, 深灰色的背面有蓝色的反光与很多的圆黑色的斑点之上不规则地散布在被延伸至背鳍与尾鳍鳍的上半部上。 刺状的背鳍暗色又其他的鳍灰白的到淡黄色的。 嘴大又斜的下颌突出的。 在顶端上颌有一对大的像犬齿一样的齿。 下颌有齿的增大内部列, 均匀的在大小方面而且紧密地在一起。 没有触须或孔的下巴。 吻部有 2个边缘的孔。 气鳔有一对几乎是直的像触角一样的附肢。 背鳍的柔软部位不覆有鳞片的 (参考文献 51721) 。
Inhabits river estuaries and shallow coastal marine waters over sand bottoms, often associated with seagrass beds. Also occurs in salt marshes and tidal pools of high salinity. Feeds mainly on crustaceans and fishes. An important food and sport fish throughout its range. Utilized fresh for steaming, broiling and baking (Ref. 9988).
栖息于在砂质底部上的河口与浅滩海洋沿岸水域, 时常伴随着海草床。 也生活于高的盐度含盐的湿地与潮池中。 主要吃甲壳动物和鱼类。 在它的分布范围各处的一个重要的食用及游钓的鱼。 蒸的生鲜使用, 烧与烤.(参考文献 9988)
西大西洋: 紐約到美國佛羅里達南部與整個的墨西哥灣。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12 - 26.7, mean 24.3 °C (based on 88 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00502 - 0.01317), b=3.05 (2.92 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.8 (4.0 - 6.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 13
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.2-0.3; tmax=18; tm=1; Fec=1 million).
Prior r = 0.69, 95% CL = 0.46 - 1.04, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 43.1 [25.3, 82.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.771 [0.408, 1.320] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.7, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.33 [0.20, 0.51] g/100g; Selenium = 30.9 [16.5, 56.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.52 [3.34, 29.64] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.667 [0.495, 0.966] mg/100g (wet weight);
