Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ; ນ້ຳກ່ອຍ ອາໄສຢູ່ໃກ້ໜ້າດິນໃຕ້ພື້ນທ້ອງນ້ຳ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 1 - 357 m (Ref. 58426). Temperate; 52°N - 38°N, 75°W - 60°W
Northwest Atlantic: Strait of Belle Isle and Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada to New Jersey in USA.
ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 7251)
Occurs in estuaries (especially in the north) (Ref. 7251) to 357 m depth (Ref. 58426). It is tolerant of temperatures between 0 and 21°C (Ref. 58426). Abundant among beds of eelgrass (Zostera) (Ref. 5951). Feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, sea squirts, sea urchins and fishes (alewives, cunner, eels, saand lance, mummichogs, silversides, sticklebacks and tomcod (Ref. 5951)) (Ref. 58426).
Life cycle and mating behavior
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ເຄື່ອງມື
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.5 - 9.5, mean 4.9 °C (based on 133 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00386 - 0.01635), b=3.12 (2.95 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref.
120179): ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 158 [30, 544] mg/100g; Iron = 0.364 [0.118, 1.003] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [15.9, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 1.25 [0.53, 3.53] g/100g; Selenium = 12.6 [5.9, 29.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27.6 [9.5, 79.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.3 [0.5, 2.5] mg/100g (wet weight);