Pseudotolithus senegalensis, Cassava croaker : fisheries, gamefish

Pseudotolithus senegalensis (Valenciennes, 1833)

Cassava croaker
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Pseudotolithus senegalensis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Pseudotolithus senegalensis
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Klassificering / Namn Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Pseudotolithus: Greek, pseudes = false + greek, otos = ear + Greek, lithos = stone (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.

Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde Ekologi

marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 0 - 70 m (Ref. 3593). Tropical; 27°N - 22°S

Utbredning Territorier | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Prickkarta | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: west coast of Africa, from Morocco to Angola, but rare north of Senegal (Ref. 57396). Also reported from Namibia (Ref. 3593).

Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder

Könsmognad: Lm 35.0, range 28 - ? cm
Max length : 114 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3593); publicerad maxvikt: 12.0 kg (Ref. 40637)

Kort beskrivning Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 11; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 28 - 33; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 2; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 7. Diagnosis: large fish, elongate and compressed (Ref. 57396). Eyes small (Ref. 57396, 81656), 5.7-6.4 times in HL, but this character is difficult to use for identification because of allometry (Ref. 81656). Snout short; mouth large and oblique; lower jaw prominent; both jaws with bands of villiform teeth (upper jaw with teeth in outer row larger and sharper, including a pair of large median canines, lower jaw with teeth in inner row larger and sharper); 6 pores on chin and 5 marginal pores on snout (Ref. 57396). 9-12/1/4-6 (total 12-18) gill rakers on 1st gill arch; gill rakers short, about as long as gill filament at angle between lower and upper part of gill arch (Ref. 81656). Dorsal fin long and deeply notched (Ref. 57396), with 10 spines in the first part and 1 spine and 28-33 soft fin rays in second part (Ref. 81656). Second anal fin spine rather short and slender, attaining about 2/3 of the length of 1st soft ray and comprised over 3 times in head length; caudal fin pointed; scales weakly ctenoid on body, cycloid on snout and suborbital region; lateral line extending to end of caudal fin; swim bladder carrot-shaped, its front end with a pair of appendices subdividing into an anterior group of short branches and 2 posterior groups of long, slender tubules, one of them ventral, the other dorso-lateral and longer, bordering the bladder throughout its length (Ref. 57396). Coloration: silvery grey, with series of small dark spots following scale rows, oblique on anterior part of back and sides, horizontal posteriorly; black spot at tip of spinous part of dorsal fin; pelvics and anal fin more or less dark yellowish; caudal fin dark; inside of gill cover black (Ref. 57396).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.

Biologi     Ordlista (t.ex. epibenthic)

Found in coastal waters over muddy, sandy or rocky bottoms. Smaller individuals found in shallow waters, but rarely entering estuaries. Feed on fish (fry of the long-finned herring in Ref. 114789), shrimps and crabs (Ref. 28587). Spawn from November to March in waters of 22 to 25°C in the Gulf of Guinea. Most economically important demersal fish in West African waters.

Livscykel och parningsbeteende Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver

Huvudreferens Ladda upp dina referenser | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Chao, L.N. and E. Trewavas, 1990. Sciaenidae. p. 813-826. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3593)

Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Endangered (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 17 March 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Hot mot människor

  Harmless





Mänskliga användningsområden

Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; sportfisk: ja
FAO - fiskeri: landningar; Publication: search | FishSource | Havet omkring oss

Ytterligare information

Trofisk ekologi
Livsmedelsartiklar (preys)
Födosammansättning
Födointag
Matransoner
Predatorer
Ekologi
Ekologi
Populationsdynamik
Tillväxtparametrar
Max. åldrar / storlekar
Längd-vikt rel.
Längd-längd rel.
Längd-frekvenser
Massakonvertering
Rekrytering
Abundans
Livscykel
Reproduktion
Könsmognad
Mognad/Gills rel.
Fekunditet
Lek
Lekande aggregat
Ägg
Utveckling av ägg
Larver
Larvdynamik
Utbredning
Territorier
FAO områden
Ekosystem
Förekomster
Utplanteringar
BRUVS - Videor
Anatomi
Gälyta
Hjärna
Otolit
Fysiologi
Kroppssammansättning
Näringsämnen
Syreförbrukning
Typ av simning
Simhastighet
Visuella pigment
Ljud från fisk
Sjukdomar & Parasiter
Toxicitet (LC50)
Genetik
Genom
Genetik
Heterozygositet
Ärftlighet
Genetisk mångfald
Människorelaterad
Vattenbrukssystem
Vattenbruksprofiler
Avelslinjer
Ciguatera-fall
Frimärken, mynt, diverse.
Uppsökande verksamhet
Medarbetare
Taxonomi
Populärnamn
synonymer
Morfologi
Morfometri
Bilder
referenser
referenser

Verktyg

E-bok | Fälthandbok | Bestämningsnycklar | Längdfördelnings-verktyg | Livshistorie-verktyg | Prickkarta | Fångst-MSY |

Särskilda rapporter

Kontrollera för underhåll av akvarium | Kontrollera om det finns faktablad om arter | Kontrollera om det finns faktablad om vattenbruk

Ladda ner XML

Sammanfattande sida | Punktdata | Populärnamn | foton

Internet-källor

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Släkte, Arter | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - fiskeri: landningar; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Nationella databaser | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, sök | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoologiskt register

Uppskattningar baserade på modeller

Önskad temperatur (Ref. 123201): 22.7 - 27.9, mean 26.3 °C (based on 82 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5156   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00431 - 0.01217), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278):  3.8   ±0.71 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref. 120179):  Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.33; tmax=8; assuming tm=2).
Prior r = 0.31, 95% CL = 0.20 - 0.46, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100). 🛈
Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref. 125649):  Very high vulnerability (83 of 100). 🛈
Priskategori (Ref. 80766):   High.
Näringsämnen (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 74.4 [44.2, 142.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.878 [0.439, 1.545] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [18.0, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.193 [0.107, 0.321] g/100g; Selenium = 71.6 [39.2, 141.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.8 [4.2, 34.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.805 [0.582, 1.163] mg/100g (wet weight);