Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 20 - 300 m (Ref. 28016). Tropical; 32°N - 28°S
Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea south to Mossel Bay, South Africa and east to India and Sri Lanka.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm 34.6, range 35 - 45 cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 30573); common length : 30.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3507)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 11 - 12; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 10 - 11; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 8. Silvery with faint, red crossbars; dead specimens almost white or purple.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found over rocky substrates of coastal waters. Juveniles stay in sheltered areas of estuaries (Ref. 5213). Large specimens caught from the shore only when seas are rough (Ref. 3198). Marketed fresh, whole or dried.
Also reported as a 'rudimentary hermaphrodite' or 'late gonochorist' where individuals posses an immature intersexual gonad but mature as either male or female fish with no eveidence of sexual reversal (Ref. 28504).
Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Acuan
123201): 17.8 - 27.7, mean 23.9 °C (based on 306 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.01215 - 0.01568), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 3.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (K=0.07-0.18; tmax=22).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.1 [12.9, 43.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.467 [0.255, 0.927] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.2, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.149 [0.093, 0.244] g/100g; Selenium = 50.9 [25.2, 92.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 68.3 [19.5, 227.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.07 [0.72, 1.50] mg/100g (wet weight);
